بررسي عنصر موسيقي در آثار منثور قرن پنجم و ششم (با تاكيد بر آثار فارسي احمد غزالي)

Study of Music in Prose Works of 5th and 6th Century: on the Basis of Farsi Works of Ahmad GHazali Abstract

يكي از شيوه‌هاي مهم آشنايي زدايي زبان از نظر فرماليست ها، نظم و همنشيني واژگان در شعر است كه بنيان آن آهنگ و موسيقي واج‌هاست و اين عوامل به هر واژه تشخّص مي‌بخشد. آثار ادبي در استفاده از عناصر موسيقي از معيارهاي خاصي بهره مي‌برند و كاربرد اين عناصر در آثار منظوم و منثور؛ از ويژگي‌هاي خاصي برخوردار است. آثار فارسي احمد غزالي نمونه‌اي از شعر منثور است كه عنصر موسيقي در آن، در القا موثّر پيام كمك مي‌كند. براين‌اساس كاربرد انواع موسيقي‌هاي بيروني (وزن عروضي و هجايي)، موسيقي كناري (قافيه و رديف)، موسيقي داخلي (جناس‌ها و قافيه‌هاي مياني و همخواني مصوّت‌ها و صامت‌ها يا واج آوايي)، موسيقي معنوي (انواع هماهنگي‌هاي معنوي دروني يك مصراع يا چند مصراع از نظر تضاد، طباق، مراعات النظير و...) در آثار فارسي احمد غزالي براي القاي هر چه بهتر پيام به مخاطب با استفاده از نوعي آشنايي زدايي و برجسته سازي به كار مي‌رود.

One of the important methods of defamiliarization is the order according to formalist /association of the words in the verse, whose foundation is rhythm and music of phonemes and the factors personify each word. Literal works, by the we get music element benefit from particular criteria and the web of these elements in prose and poetic works have special characteristics’. Farsi works of Ahmad Qazali are the examples of prose poems in which music helps the effective inspiration at the message. on this aspect different kids of exterial music (prosodic and phonemic rhythm), side music (rime and order) internal music (pan, middle rimes and coordination of internal vowels and consonants or phonemic tone) spiritual music (avidity of coordination’s of one or some rimes according to paradox , parallel and soon) in Farsi works of Ahmad Qazali – by the use of a kind of defamiliarization and prominent – making – are applied to inspire the message in a best manner . Persian works of Ahmad Qazali are among mystic Prose works. The attraction of this piece of work is more due to its poetic prose which has turned it to an attractive prose poem. So far, nothing has been done regarding the characteristics of this kind of prose except in the literature history and methodology, and it was only in the field of literary criticism. Thus, we consider it as our duty to analyze these works from a new literary perspective, which is the investigation of works in terms of the originality of word in contrast to the originality of meaning. So, we have investigated the Persian works of Qazali in the area of music- as one of the four major elements of poem- in terms of application of exterior, interior, marginal and moral music. These factors have played a significant role in giving rhythm to the prose in order to surprising the audience due to the highlighting the language. There is no nation which is deprived of music. So, we should accept that music is an innate phenomenon. It should be mentioned that a prose poem is a poem in the prose form which contains worldview of poetry especially lyric poetry, but its appearance is not like other poems. Still. it includes poetical elements like: emotion, imagination, language and music. It should be noted that go-togetherness of words in poem and prose is among the defamiliarization methods in text which is based on the music. Thus, different kinds of exterior, interior, marginal and moral music have been seen in Persian prose works especially in the works of fifth and sixth centuries. Among the works of this era, Persian works of Ahmad Qazali attracts our attention. As we know, Qazaliʹs Bahr-al-Haqiqa and Sivanah in terms of application of exterior music (syllabic rhythm) have a special place among the Ahmad Qazaliʹs persian works of. Of course, the application of exterior music in Bahr-al-Haqiqa does not go beyond two or three cases. But Sivanah in terms of having exterior music is almost incomparable among the mystic Persian works of its era. Also, in terms of the quality of applying the exterior music it equals to the best examples of Sepid poem (prose-poem) of our era.