بررسي هيدروكربن هاي آليفاتيك در تركيب نفت خام سكوهاي نفتي خليج فارس

A Study of the Level of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons in the Composition of the Crude Oil from Oil Platforms in the Persian Gulf

خليج فارس آب‌راهي است كه در امتداد درياي عمان و در ميان ايران و شبه جزيره عربستان قرار دارد. اعتبار اين منطقه از شكل‌گيري اولين تمدن‌هاي بشري تا به امروز كه عصر صنعت و زمان طرح شدن نفت به عنوان عنصر اصلي اقتصاد معاصر است، ادامه دارد. ميزان آلودگي نفتي در اين منطقه به دليل نشت از سكوهاي نفتي، يكي از مهم‌ترين منابع اين آلودگي‌ها به شمار مي‌رود. به همين‌دليل تعيين و بررسي تركيب درصد هيدروكربن‌ها در تركيب نفت خام سكوهاي نفتي خليج‌فارس بسيار اهميت دارد . دراين مقاله با استفاده از روش سارا، آليفاتيك‌ها جداسازي شده و با استفاده از دستگاه كروماتوگرافي گازي تركيب درصد هيدروكربن‌هاي آليفاتيك موجود در نمونه‌هاي نفت خام مورد شناسايي و بررسي قرار گرفته است. تركيب درصدهاي متفاوت به‌دست آمده از نفت خام هر سكوي نفتي نشان مي‌دهد كه اين روش مي‌تواند يك الگوي مناسب، جهت پيدايش منشا آلودگي‌هاي نفتي در خليج فارس باشد.

The Persian Gulf or Persian sea is a flood channel which is situated in prolongation of Oman Sea and between Iran and Saudi Arabia peninsula. The validity of this region has been approved since the initial of human being, and even in now that oil has been appeared as the fundamental of economic prosperity. Iran, Oman, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, U.A.E., Qatar, and Bahrain have surrounded the Persian Gulf, and the north part of Persian Gulf bank is strategic Situation. The leakage of oil from offshore platform is the main source of pollution in this gulf; therefore, the importance of the determination and analysis of hydrocarbon mixture from crude oil in these platforms of the Persian Gulf is of great importance. Hence the recognition of the source of pollution and the volume of this pollutant pouring into the sea for politicizing national and regional planning with the aim of the Persian Gulf conservation and biogeography related to it is so useful and effective. This article aims to scrutinize aliphatic hydrocarbons (AH) in the composition of crude oil from offshore oil platform of the Persian Gulf, and then compare and deliberate the compound and its physical and chemical specifications of each platform. Sampling method is practiced with SARA method and the amount of aliphatic hydrocarbons of each platform is determined using gas chromatography. Furthermore, several chemical and physical characteristics of crude oil from these platforms were checked and measured and then reported by drawing graphs or studying concerning offshore oil platforms. The results of the determination of aliphatic hydrocarbons in each platform show that crude oil of each platform, its physical and chemical characteristics in the Persian Gulf, and the percentage of aliphatic hydrocarbons leaking from each platform in this gulf differs from each other.