ارزيابي شاخص هاي پايداري اجتماعي با استفاده از فرآيند تحليل شبكه (ANP)

Assessment of Indices of Social Sustainability by Using Analytic Network Process (ANP)

از ابتداي قرن بيست و يكم، نگاه توسعه پايدار صرفاً توجه به ابعاد زيست - محيطي و يا اقتصادي نيست، بلكه مباحث اجتماعي دريچه جديدي را در رسيدن به توسعه پايدار براي ما گشوده است. پايداري اجتماعي به عنوان يك جز اساسي از توسعه پايدار مورد توجه ويژه سياستمداران و برنامه ريزان قرار گرفته است. از آنجا كه در فرايند برنامه‏ريزي شهري توجه به مباحث اجتماعي اجتناب ناپذير و جز جدايي ناپذير طرح هاي شهري محسوب مي شود، با تعيين ابعاد پايداري اجتماعي مي توان رويه هاي موثّر بر مباحث اجتماعي جامعه را بررسي و شناسايي كرد. به عبارت ديگر، ابعاد پايداري اجتماعي مي تواند به عنوان يكي از مهمترين و كليدي ترين ابزار در برنامه ريزي و سياستگذاري‏هاي شهري استفاده شود. از طرفي، گستردگي، پيچيدگي و تنوع شاخص هاي پايداري اجتماعي و نقش آنها برجامعه ايجاب مي كند تا اين شاخص ها برحسب نقش و عملكردشان مورد توجه قرار گيرند، كه مشخصاً هر يك داراي ارزش متفاوتي از يكديگر هستند. لذا اين پژوهش با فرض يكسان نبودن وزن شاخص هاي پايداري اجتماعي و با هدف شناخت و ارزيابي شاخص هاي پايداري اجتماعي انجام شده است. براي رسيدن به اين هدف، از مدل تحليل شبكه (ANP) و روش دلفي در تعيين وزن هر يك از شاخص ها در جهت تبيين پايداري اجتماعي استفاده شده است. روش تحقيق در اين پژوهش به لحاظ هدف كاربردي و به لحاظ روش تحقيق، توصيفي- تحليلي است. همچنين، روش يافته اندوزي بر اساس مطالعات كتابخانه اي و اسنادي و مصاحبه با كارشناسان و مسوولان بوده است. بر اين اساس، پس از ارزيابي شاخص ها با استفاده از مدل تحليل شبكه به اين نتيجه رسيديم كه عدالت اجتماعي (0.136=EO)، بعد عيني امنيت (0.129=OS) و تعامل اجتماعي (0.107=SI)، به ترتيب، بيشترين وزن و در نتيجه، بيشترين تاثير را در بين شاخص هاي پايداري اجتماعي داشته است.

Introduction Since the beginning of the 21st century, sustainable development does not mean only considering the environmental and economic dimensions, but also social issues in achieving sustainable development has opened a new window in front of us. Social stability is an essential component of sustainable development that has received special attention from politicians and planners alike. Because social issues are inevitable in the process of urban planning and is an integral part of urban design, one can explore and identify the affective ways of social issues by determining the dimensions of social sustainability. In other words, the dimensions of social sustainability can be seen as one of the most important and key tools used in urban planning and policy. Moreover, the breadth, complexity and diversity of social sustainability indicators and their role in society in terms of these indicators and performance implications will be considered, each value is obviously different from the other. Material & Methods As one of the integral elements of the planning process, assessment has always been at the center of attention. After setting the overall objectives of the planning and seeking different alternatives, the assessment is conducted so that through the comparison of various options in terms of their competency, the optimum alternative is selected. Multi-criteria evaluation is one of these methods which allows for analyzing and presenting all available data about alternatives based on different and multidimensional criteria. These assessment methods might be quite quantitative (e.g. the method of objective achievement matrix), qualitative (e.g. System Analysis Methods) or a combination of both (e.g. environmental impact analysis methods) (Zebardast 2009: 19). This paper assumes non-uniform weights of the indicators of social stability and measures with the aim of identifying and assessing social sustainability indicators. To achieve this goal, the Analytic Network Process (ANP) and the Delphi method to determine the weight of each of the indicators of social sustainability has been used to explain. The research method in this investigation is descriptive – analytic due to its practical approach and aim. The method of data collecting was based on library research and documents and interviews with some experts. The concerning criteria, sub-criteria and factors in this study are mutually dependent and interconnected, since in problems demanding such mutual interconnections the use of analytic hierarchical process lead to a wrong result. Therefore, we use the analytic network process because through such analysis there would be no problem in output, even though there is no interconnection among criteria. So regarding the existence of interconnections between social sustainability criteria, we have used the ANP, resulting a more proper outcome. Discussion of Results & Conclusions According to the evaluation criteria used for network analysis, we concluded that equal opportunities (EO =0.136), the security objective (OS = 0.129) and social interaction (SI =0.107), respectively, have the maximum weight as the most effective factors influencing social stability. By accepting the social sustainability as an inseparable part of achieving sustainable development, the social justice could be considered as the most important and effective index, leading to sustainable development. In fact, sustainable development requires social justice in order to make human resources more hopeful and optimist to the process of development. Therefore, social justice is the key concept to arrive at sustainable development.