تبيين جامعه‌شناختي عوامل اجتماعي موثر بر طلاق (مطالعه موردي: شهرستان قايم شهر)

Explaining Sociological Social Factors Effective on Divorce (A Case Study of, Qaemshahr City)

هدف از اين مقاله، تعيين عوامل جامعه شناختي موثر بر طلاق در شهرستان قايم شهر است. مباني نظري تحقيق بر پايه تيوري هاي همسان همسري، ناهمسان همسري، مبادله، شبكه و نظريه نقش ها استوار است. روش تحقيق مورد مطالعه پيمايشي و از نوع علّي ?مقايسه?اي است. در اين مطالعه 280 نفر براي نمونه تحقيق برگزيده شدند كه از اين تعداد 180 نفر را افراد طلاق گرفته يا مطلقه و 100 نفر را افراد غيرمطلقه تشكيل مي دادند. نتايج به دست آمده نشان داد كه عمده متغيرهاي مستخرج از نظريه ها در تبيين عامل طلاق به عنوان عواملي تاثيرگذار مطرح گرديدند. به عبارت ديگر، با بررسي متغيرهاي تاثيرگذار در دو گروه مورد بررسي، بدين نتيجه رسيديم كه توزيع اين متغيرها در دو گروه از تفاوت معني داري برخوردار است؛ به گونه اي كه متغيرهاي تفاوت تحصيلي، برآورده نشدن انتظارات، تفاوت عقايد، دخالت ديگران و وضعيت شغلي شرايط را به گونه‏اي براي دو گروه فراهم آورده است كه پديده طلاق براي يك گروه و عدم رخداد اين پديده را براي گروه ديگر رقم بزند. ناگفته نماند علي رغم كنترل برخي متغيرها و همسان سازي دو گروه، نتايج نشان داد كه متغير تفاوت در محل تولد در مقايسه بين دو گروه، چندان عاملي تاثيرگذار جهت بروز طلاق نبوده است. همچنين، با استفاده از آزمون تحليل مميزي مشخص گرديد بالاترين ضرايب متغيرهاي پيش بين موثر بر متغير وابسته كه در معادله قرار گرفت؛ شامل متغيرهاي تفاوت عقايد، وضعيت شغلي و تفاوت تحصيلي بوده است.

Introduction One of the social problems which is at the current time so important is its complex dimensions and it is divorce and its devastation of family life. Family is of key factors and main institutions of each society. So sociologist and sociology have not been able to keep themselves away from family study and its innovations and they have always tried to study it from a certain view. Moreover, everybody agrees that this age has widely dealt with this problem and its side effects. Rate of marriage and divorces registered in statistical center of Iran indicates that in recent years rate of divorce became more than rate of marriage. S this social phenomenon in Iran was mentioned as a challenge or serious social problem. A review on divorce statistic of Iran during 2012 (6 percent to previous year of divorce growth in Iran) indicates increasing rate of this social problem and also its increasing growth in area under study of Qaemshahr city shows that with modernity of cities and villages, they will have more industrialization feature. And moreover solving many opposites of previous communities, new differences were created. Social modern changes did not protect family, devastated these institutions and this can have wide effect on health of divorced people, children and as a result on social institutions. This indicates a critical condition which needs necessity of study for protection and reduction of divorce. Also because all social issues are close to each other and expanding one of them may cause improvement of another one. On the other hand since many families have dealt with this issue, as a result studying and investigating current research will be shown which tries to study factors which are effective on divorce. Materials and methods The research method is casual-comparative survey. Therefore, for making it comparable, we tried to make two groups of divorced and non-divorced the same. Statistical population is related to two groups of divorced and non-divorced in the county. Sampling size of the first groups is 180 people of those who divorced one whose divorce order has been ordered from court. The second group includes 100 people from married people who are still living and are not separated. Sampling size on choosing non-divorced group is Snowball Sampling method and in non-divorce methods it was convenient non-random sampling method. Discussion of results and conclusions Results of analyzing tests of the research were that following factors were recognized as effective variables in revealing divorce: Variables of couples` educational difference, disability of satisfying the spouse`s expectation, difference of couples opinion-related, interference of family members in the couple`s marital life and unsuitable job condition. In other words, other hypotheses mentioned based on the research pre-assumptions were not approved. The interesting point is that variable of difference in birth place had no effect on divorce occurrence opposite primary pre-assumption of the research. Also, using discriminate analysis test it was determined that the highest level of predictor variable coefficient which were effective on dependent variables contained variables Opinion-related difference , inappropriate occupation condition and educational difference. Argument on the research hypotheses and its theoretical analysis can be explained in this way that transferring theory predicts that when a spouse assesses costs of a relationship more than its interests, in this condition such a person assumes this relationship imbalanced and will lose their hope for satisfying the expectations that have from their spouse. As a result we will observe a break in relationship and afterwards divorce of them. The research findings indicate that spouses who were not able to meet their spouse expectations, divorced. The research finding has approved the transferring theory and also the finding results of the researches done by Rousta (2010), Riahi & colleagues (2007)and Dohrati (2007). Based on the network theory including theories of Parsonez and Bot, strength of relative network and others` interference in spouse` life may cause family difference and will increase probability of separation and divorce. This theoretical finding was approved with result of the current research indicating (interference of family member may cause divorce). Also these findings approved results of the researches conducted by Riahi & colleagues (2007) and Blos Fled & Hom (2004). The interesting result of the current research has been lack of a relationship between difference in birth place of couples and increase of divorce. The research finding has not approved theory of place movement of Shelton. The reason behind this can be in more influence and other variables and factors in occurrence of divorce in the area under study. Hence, this finding of the research will not be applied to other areas. We should also mention that this finding has been different with results of Moltafet (2003) and Sepehrian (2007). Some other research results indicate that there is a meaningful relation between educational differences of couples with divorce. This finding approved theory of couple and research of Moltafet (2003). Finally, this result was gained that existence of some differences such as difference between opinions of couples set the stage for divorce. The result approved theory of couples. Since this theory assumes idea balance between couples the necessity for livinh of lives and vice versa existence of such imbalances between spouses were the reason of breaks in relationships which gradually can set the stage for divorce. This finding was the same with the research results of Riahi & colleagues (2007), Qotby & colleagues (2008) and Amato (2003)and approved these findings, as well.