بررسي رابطه هويت قومي و ملي با تاكيد بر نقش دينداري: نمونه موردي دانش‏آموزان متوسطه شهر ياسوج

Analyzing the Relationship between the National Identity and the Ethnic Identity in terms of the Effect of Religiousness: A Case Study of High-School Students of Yasuj

بررسي رابطه هويت ملي و قومي از برجسته‏ترين موضوع‏هاي مورد توجه جامعه‏شناسان و محققان خارجي و ايراني بوده است. اين رابطه را مي‏توان در پرتو تاثير دو دسته عوامل گريز از مركز و يا گراينده به مركز بررسي كرد. در دهه‏هاي اخير، متاثر از جهاني شدن و تضعيف هژموني تيوري‏هاي "دنيوي شدن"، دين و دينداري از مهمترين عوامل مركز گريز و يا مركزگرا در سرتاسر جهان بوده‏اند. مقاله حاضر، با فرض گرفتن نقش مركزگرايي دين در ايران، با روش كمّي و پيمايشي، به بررسي رابطه هويت قومي و ملي دانش‏آموزان متوسطه شهر ياسوج با تاكيد بر نقش دينداري پرداخته است. بر اساس نتايج تحقيق، رابطه هويت قومي و ملي مثبت بوده و ابعاد چهارگانه دينداري، به ويژه ابعاد اعتقادي و عاطفي آن، همبستگي مثبت و مستقيمي با هويت ملي پاسخگويان داشته اند. همبستگي ابعاد دينداري، به استثناي بعد پيامدي، با هويت قومي پاسخگويان معني‏دار نبوده است. بر اساس آزمون همبستگي جزيي مي‏توان گفت، علي‏رغم مثبت بودن رابطه دينداري و هويت ملي، ميزان تاثير دينداري بر بسط دايره هويت جمعي پاسخگويان از هويت قومي به هويت ملي زياد نبوده و اين متغير توانسته است، تنها 14 درصد از واريانس هويت ملي پاسخگويان را تبيين كند.

Introduction Nowadays, with the development of mass media and the universalization of culture, the decreasing effect and the shivering position of governments as the most important players of the world after the Cold War, the emergence of regional and cultural struggles worldwide, respecting national unity and national identity has become one of the most important concerns of politicians and statesmen. National identity defines one of the chief and widest rings of our what-ness and who-ness in the modern era, and modifies both the universalistic and particularistic extremities like a communicative vessel. Effective factors on national identity can be analyzed along two intersecting axes of external (supra- national factors) /internal (sub- national factors) as well as centrifugal (sense of deprivation) and centripetal (common culture and religion) forces. In recent years, one of the most important foundational changes in history has been the alteration of the relationship between religion and collective identities. During the Enlightenment to the last decades of the 20th century, many scientists, under the radiance of secularization theories, believed that modernism and developments in literacy would lead to the limitation of religious influence on the realm of private life and the destruction of the collective correlation function of religion. Today, with the collapse of communism and the emergence of new countries out of it, whose national identities are often based on religion, as well as the noticeable inauguration of religious movements worldwide, the effect and importance of religion has steadily attracted attention in the manifestation of collective interactions and social unity or collapse. Material and methods We assumed that religion, as one of the chief factors in attaching the Lor folk to the bigger Iranian community, can prepare the background for their sense of belonging and unity with the bigger community to a great extent. In other words, according to the religious communion between the Lor folk and the bigger Iranian community, religion was assumed as one of the chief centripetal forces between the Lor folk under study, which can prepare the background for the cultural unity of the Iranian community. The society under study was the high-school students of Yasuj in which over 90 percent of the population are Lor. The method undertaken was quantitative and surveying, and the required data was collected via the questionnaire. Independent and dependant variables of the survey were ethnic identity and national identity respectively. The religiousness variable (in the form of the four-dimensional belief, affection, rite, and consequence) was assumed as the modifying variable of the relationship between these two collective identities. Discussion of Results and Conclusions According to the results, among the dimensions of religiousness, only the correlation between the consequential dimension and the national identity of the respondents was positive and sensible. Also, the correlation between all the dimensions of religiousness and the national identity of the respondents was positive and sensible. Besides, the amount of the correlation between the dimensions of religiousness and national identity was more than that of the correlation between the consequential dimension and the ethnic identity. In accordance with the results of the detailed correlation test, the correlation between the two variables of ethnic and national identities decreased, after controlling the effect of the dimensions of religiousness, for 0.02 percent which is not considerable. Based on the results from regression, it can be sad that the two dimension of belief and consequence of religiousness, respectively, as the most influential dimensions of religiousness, could determine 14 percent of the variance of the national identity of the respondents. The results of the study indicate that religion, as one of the most important cultural capitals of Lor people, has had a great influence on attaching them to the bigger Iranian community. But according to the measure of the mutual correlation, the detailed correlation coefficient, and regression results, there should be no exaggeration about the influence and no neglect for other influential factors on the social and cultural unity of the Lor people with the bigger society.