الگوي فضاهاي نيمه‌بازِ خانه‌هاي بومي دزفول، بوشهر و بندرلنگه، در ارتباط با مولفه‌هاي اقليم محلي

Patterns of Semi-Open Spaces in Vernacular Houses of Dezful, Bushehr and Bandar-e-Lenge; Considering Climate Atributes

حاشيه جنوبي ايران داراي يكي از بحراني‌ترين اقليم‌هاي جهان بوده و لذا توجه به مولفه‌هاي اقليمي در فرآيند طراحي خانه‌ها در اين منطقه ضروري است. فضاهاي باز و نيمه‌باز از عوامل موثر در شكل دادن به الگوهاي اقليمي خانه‏هاي بومي و بكارگيري اين الگوها در طراحي مسكن معاصر اين اقليم، مي‌تواند سبب ارتقاي سطح آسايش حرارتي شود. اين مقاله با تطابق ويژگي‌هاي فضاهاي نيمه‌باز خانه‌هاي بومي در بندرلنگه، بوشهر و دزفول، با مشخصات اقليم محلي اين مناطق، ضمن معرفي الگوهاي فضاهاي باز و نيمه‌باز در آنها؛ تناسب و تاثرپذيري الگوها را از اقليم ميانه و محلي بررسي مي‏كند. اين مقاله داراي هدفي كاربردي و راهبرد آن در مرحله تحليل و استنتاج كيفي و از طريق نظريه داده‏بنياد بوده و با روش تصويرسازي انجام مي شود. گردآوري داده‏ها در دو بخش مطالعه كتابخانه‌اي و تحليل اسناد خانه‌هاي بومي انجام شده‌است. تطابق مشخصه‏هاي بدست‏آمده از كدگذاري نمونه‏ها با مولفه‏هاي اقليم ميانه و محلي مناطق مورد بررسي نشان مي‏دهد كه ويژگي‏ها و الگوهاي فضاهاي باز و نيمه‏باز در خانه‏هاي مورد مطالعه در دزفول، بندرلنگه و بوشهر با مولفه‏هاي اقليمي هر شهر منطبق و بر اساس تفاوت در مولفه هاي اقليمي در مقياس ميانه و محلي، در الگوهاي مورد بحث تفاوت‏هايي ايجاد شده است.

According to statistics, in 2009 Iran’s oil and gas consumption were 1.4 and 3.1 times higher than the world average and during 1998 to 2008 residential sector accounted for 42% of the total energy consumption in the country. As hot-humid climate is the most severe climate across the world, climatic consideration must be incorporated in design of the new dwellings in this area. Over the centuries, Climate consideration has been a fundamental principle in the design of vernacular Iranian houses, and application of these indigenous patterns in modern constructions of hot-humid region will optimize the energy consumption and result in higher rate of thermal comfort. Climatic patterns of these vernacular houses not only affect the external characteristics of the building, but are also involved with the configuration and properties of the internal spaces. This paper is introducing open and semi-open spaces patterns of Dezful, Bushehr and Bandar-e-Lenge vernacular houses using grounded theory parameters, In this way, it tries to clarify whether these patterns are in accordance with the climatic characteristics. This paper has applied objective to establish the patterns of semi-open spaces of vernacular houses of Dezful, Bushehr and Bandar-e-Lenge, so that it can be used in new-built dwellings to improve thermal comfort for building occupants in the mentioned regions. The method of analysis and resultant in this research is qualitative based and answer to questions are found by grounded theory and data gathering from chosen samples, classification, analysis and finally choosing related data and integrating them. Data gathering are conducted by use of theoretical studies and analysis of vernacular houses documents and also in-depth analysis. Results show in studied regions, open and semi-open spaces are in accordance with local climate attributes. Differences in these attributes has made differences in climatic patterns. climatic patterns of semi-open spaces in Dezful is in accordance with optimizing high temperature. theses spaces are located in south west side fronting to north east and are aligned into depth. Semi-open corridors in south west side of the courtyard operate like solar chimney to ventilate the courtyard. Climatic patterns of semi-open spaces in Bushehr port is in accordance with using sea breezes and natural ventilation. Semi open spaces are located in north-east, north-west and south-west sides and semi open staircases are located in four corners of the courtyard. composition of semi open spaces and staircases, courtyard and the orientation of them toward air current is acting the same as a passive system of ventilation. This system works as a solar chimney when there is no breezes. Windows around the house help the ventilation system. Climatic patterns of semi-open spaces in Bushehr port is in accordance with using sea breezes and natural ventilation and at the same time with optimizing high temperature. Corridors incorporated in these plans facilitate the air current and protect the living spaces from the sunshine and heat. The porous structure of plans is yet another unique feature of these houses, which changes heavy materials with walls of light-weighted materials which allow the air movement.