بررسي رفتار نابه جاي رانندگان ايراني با استفاده از پرسش نامه

Aberrant Driving Behavior of Iranian Drivers:

ساليانه در ايران بيش از بيست هزار نفر در تصادفات رانندگي جان خود را از دست مي دهند. عوامل انساني در نيمي از تصادفات رانندگي، عامل اصلي و در بيش از نود درصد موارد، تاثيرگذار است. در اين مقاله با استفاده از پرسش نامه رفتار رانندگ ي، به بررسي عامل انساني و تعيين ساختار رفتار نابه جاي نمونه اي از رانندگان ايراني پرداخته مي شود. با توجه به رويكرد تاييدي و پراكندگي مكاني اندك نمونه هاي مطالعه شده در ايران، در اين مطالعه با استفاده از رويكرد اكتشافي و همچنين افزايش پراكندگي جغرافيايي نمونه از طريق گردآوري داده ها در شبكه هاي اجتماعي و سرويس پست الكترونيكي، با استفاده از پرسش نامه رفتار رانندگي توسعه يافته براي اين مطالعه، ساختار رفتار نابه جاي رانندگان ايراني بررسي مي شود. نتايج تحليل مولفه هاي اصلي، نشان مي دهد كه اين ساختار در رانندگان ايراني از پنج عامل "سرعت و عجله"، "بي اعتنايي به قانون"، "عدم تمركز"، "تخلفات خصمانه" و "عدم توجه" تشكيل شده كه 42 درصد از واريانس كل را تشكيل مي دهند. مطالعه تطبيقي رفتار رانندگي، حاكي از آن است كه رانندگان ايراني، فراواني تخلفات را بيشتر از رانندگان كشورهاي توسعه يافته و كمتر از رانندگان كشورهاي آسيايي اظهار كرده اند . هم چنين مقايسه فراواني رفتار نابه جا نشان مي دهد كه رانندگان ايراني، تخلفات خصمانه را بيشتر از تخلفات عادي، لغزش ها و خطاها مرتكب مي شوند.

Road crashes cause more than 20 thousand fatalities each year in Iran. Human factors consisting of driving styles and skills have been recognized as important contribiuting factors in most traffic crashes. Focous on driving behavior has been the subject of many researches. Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) in this regard is a relatively new, important and widely used instrument, devised to identify the components of the structure of aberrant driving behaviors. Surveys based on DBQ, urges respondents to self-report the frequency of aberrant driving behaviors during a specific period of time. Investigation of driving styles is estimated to be the subject of more than 170 researches since DBQ was first by Reason et al in the 90’s. Since then, many researchers have employed the original DBQ or a modified version, either to explore behavioral components (exploratory approach) or to confirm a given setting based on authors’ theories or observations, in group(s) under the study (confirmatory approach). Lack of exploratory analysis and spatial dispersion of respondents in the previous domestic researches, motivated the authors of this paper to conduct a new survey to investigate aberrant driving behaviors among Iranian drivers applying exploratory approach. The original DBQ was modified, validated and dispersed between Iranian drivers through an internet-based survey. Recent increase in the number of internet users in Iran, more interactions between respondants and the questionnaires, the power of self-administration, massive reductions in cost and time over interviewer-administered surveys, building a database, were among factors yielding hope that the sample would be comprehensive enough to comprise different groups of drivers. Using social networks and email services, the proposed questionnaire was exposed to internet users and a sample of 213 drivers (165 males and 48 females) from 40 cities inside and outside Iran, filled out the 37-item DBQ. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), with Varimax Rotation implied, a five-factor structure: “Push and Speed Violations”, “Disregarding the Regulations”, “Lack of Concentration while driving”, “Aggressive Violation” and “Lapses and Error” for Iranian drivers. These components account for 42.2 percent of the total variance. It is worth noting that the distinction between different kinds of violation and lapsesand error support the fact that this new structure is consistent with the previous studies. Moreover, using cell phone while driving (both sending texts and talking), aggressive violations and push and speed violations are the most frequent aberrant driving behaviors. Compared to the other countries, drivers in Iran reported more violations than drivers in industrialized countries and fewer violations than Asian drivers. Results also show that unlike industrialized countries, Iranian drivers reported more aggressive violations than ordinary violations.