بررسي عوامل موثر بر اجراي خط مشي هاي گردشگري جمهوري اسلامي ايران (از ديدگاه پژوهشگران دانشگاهي)

Prioritizing the Factors Influencing the Implementation of Tourism Policies in the Islamic Republic of Iran

خط مشي‌گذاري گردشگري، در يك نگاه جامع، شامل سه مرحله‌ي اصلي تدوين، اجرا و ارزيابي است. در مسير اجراي كامل خط مشي گردشگري، عوامل و شاخص هاي متعددي وجود دارند كه شناسايي آن‌ها به منظور كارآمد كردن اجراي خط مشي گردشگري اهميت ويژه‌اي دارد. در اين مقاله، با توجه به پژوهش هاي انجام‌شده، ديدگاه دانشمندان مختلف و نظرخواهي از خبرگان صنعت گردشگري كشور، عوامل موثر بر اجراي خط مشي هاي گردشگري تعيين و بررسي شدند. در جمع‏بندي ابتدايي، 65 شاخص استخراج شد و طي دو مرحله‌ي نظرخواهي از پژوهشگران دانشگاهي، اين تعداد به 40 شاخص تقليل و تعديل يافت. تعداد 83 نفر از پژوهشگران دانشگاهي به سوال‌هاي اين پرسش‌نامه پاسخ دادند. با توجه به تحليل هاي آماري صورت‌گرفته به كمك نرم‌افزارهاي SPSS و LISREL، پرسش‌هاي تحقيق بررسي شدند و مدل نهايي اين تحقيق متشكل از هفت عامل كه در دنباله خواهد آمد، پيشنهاد شد: 1. توجه به ويژگي هاي رفتاري و شخصيتي مجريان؛ 2. نظام اداري و بوروكراسي؛ 3. هدف گذاري و تدوين صحيح خط مشي؛ 4. تخصص و مهارت مجريان؛ 5. گروه هاي هدف و استفاده‌كنندگان؛ 6. حمايت از سوي مراجع قانوني–حقوقي؛ و سرآخر 7. انتخاب ابزار مناسب و منابع لازم براي اجراي خط مشي.

Tourism policy making simply can be divided into three main phases of formulation, implementation and evaluation. Implementation as one of the main phases of policy making became the focus of researchers and scientists’ attention since 1970. There are different variables and factors in the process of implementing the determined policies in which recognizing them is of high importance for effective implementation of tourism. Since many of the previously done researched on policy implementation were in the field of public policy and its implementation barriers, conducting this research can enrich the related literature and facilitate the implementation process. By referring to different pieces of research previously done and considering thoughts of scientists and by asking the viewpoints of the experts of tourism policy, factors influencing the implementation of tourism policies were determined and subsequently were used for designing the research questionnaire. 61 variables were diminished into 40 ones after asking the viewpoints of the experts during two phases. Total number of 83 experts who were mostly university teachers and graduate students as well as the managers of Iran’s Cultural Resources, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization answered the questions of the above mentioned questionnaire. Research questions were examined by use of SPSS and LISREL software and subsequently the final model of this research project composing of the following components was proposed: 1. Factors related to behavior and personality of the executive managers, 2. Factors of bureaucratic and administrative system, 3. Factors related to goals determination and policy formulation, 4. Factors related to skills and proficiency of the executive managers, 5. Factors related to stakeholders and target groups, 6. Factors related to support from legal and juridical organizations and 7. Factors related to the appropriate tools and the required resources for policy implementation.