آزمايش مستقيم ميكروسكوپي در تعيين مخمر مالاسزيا در شوره سر و تشخيص سريع حالت تهاجمي قارچ: گزارش كوتاه

Microscopic examination in quantifying of Malassezia yeast in scalp and rapid diagnosis of fungi invasive condition: a brief report

زمينه و هدف: فلور مالاسزيايی تحت شرايطی تكثير يافته و باعث پوسته‌ريزی (شوره و درماتيت) و  ناراحتی جسمی و روانی، به‌خصوص در جوانان می‌شود. لذا، اين مطالعه با هدف تشخيص آسان و سريع حالت تكثيری و تهاجمی، جهت درمان به‌موقع انجام شده است.روش بررسی: نمونه‌گيری از پوست سر داوطلبين انجام و لام مستقيم با رنگ متيلن‌بلو تهيه شد و از نظر مورفولوژی، ميزان مخمر و وجود ميسليوم بررسی گرديد.يافته‌ها: از كل 140 نمونه، وجود مخمر در 5/93% (131) مثبت و 5/6% (9) منفی بود كه ميزان مخمر در حالت خفيف يا نرمال 2/25%، متوسط 5/24% و شديد 3/50% گزارش گرديد. وجود ميسليوم در بين نمونه‌های مثبت، 9/22% (30) گزارش گرديد (007/0P=).نتيجه‌گيری: به‌كار بردن روش و الگويی ساده، ارزان و در دسترس (الگوی تعيين ميزان مخمر با آزمايش مستقيم ميكروسكوپی) برای افتراق فلور از حالت غيرطبيعی مخمر مالاسزيا می‌تواند جهت اقدام سريع در پيشگيری و درمان مفيد باشد.

Background: Malassezia Species are often commensal of the human skin and scalp that opportunistically in exist of particular predisposing factors, their proliferation increases; as, in dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis which both togather affect more than 50% of humans, the excess proliferation of yeast in scalp, leads to scalp-flaking and causes physical and mental disorder in peaple, spacially in youth that their health and hiar hygiene and beauty is more important for them. Thus, this survey has been done for rapid, easy and inexpensive method to diagnosis of abnormal proliferation and invasive condition of Malassezia yeast and can be more benefical for proper treatment.Methods: Sampling with scalpel scraping from scalp of volunteer persons that had not bathed at least two day ago were done and preparation of direct microscopic slides and staining with methylene blue were accomplished. Then, survey of morpholgic characte-ristics, yeast quantification and mycelium detection were done by direct microscopic examination.Results: From 140 scalp samples of adult persons of both gender (male and female) with different age groups, observation of malassezia yeast in 93.5% (131) were positive and 6.5% (9) were negative in direct microscopic examination. Results of yeast quanti-fication in positive cases were: mild or normal flora 25.2%, intermediate 24.5%, severe 50.3%. Detection of mycelium in positive cases were 22.9% (30) (P=0.007 df=2).Conclusion: Application of an accessible, easy and inexpensive method and a determi-nated pattern (yeast quantification with direct microscopic examination) to distinguish normal flora from abnormal condition (excess proliferation and mycelium production) in cases of Malassezia yeasts can be more useful to rapid diagnosis of abnormal pro-liferation and invasive condition in order to initiate a proper antifungal treatment.