جهان شناسي ناصرخسرو و مقايسهآن با جهان شناسي ماني

Naser Khosroʹʹs Cosmology and its Comparison with Mani`s Cosmology

چكيده جهان شناسي به معناي درك حقيقت پديده هاي جهان، يكي از مباحث مهم فلسفي به شمار مي-آيد. با وجودي كه بسياري از پژوهشگران، ناصرخسرو را فيلسوف نمي دانند، آثار او سرشار از انديشه هايي است كه به چرايي هستي و نوع تلقي او نسبت به آفرينش و رستاخيز اشاره دارد. اين رويكرد بيش از پيش تحت تاثير علوم و معارف و آيين هايي است كه در عصر وي رواج داشته و ناصرخسرو نيز، از آنها در جهت تثبيت نظام انديشه خويش سود جسته است. يكي از آيين هايي كه در عصر زندگي وي، بارقه هايي از آن وجود داشته و او برخي از مباني جهان شناسي خويش را از آن اخذ كرده، آيين ماني است. ‌ دستاورد اين پژوهش حاكي از آن است كه گرچه جهان بيني فكري ناصرخسرو توحيدي است و در مقابل، آيين ماني بر پايه ثنويت بنا شده است، اما جهان شناسي ناصرخسرو در پاره اي موارد مانند: آفرينش جهان، اسارت روح در كالبد تن، چرايي هستي و راه رستگاري انسان و به ويژه بدبيني و بيزاري از دنيا، تحت تاثير آموزه‌هاي ماني و به ويژه جهان شناسي او بوده است.

Abstract Cosmology, defined as the understanding of the real nature of the universe, is one of the most important philosophical topics. In spite of the fact that a lot of researchers have not considered Naser Khosro as a philosopher, his works are full of ideas and assumptions which refer to the why of the universe and his interpretation of creation and resurrection. This approach is rather influenced by the special sciences, teachings and beliefs which were so common in his time and he drew upon them in establishing his way of thinking. One of the belief systems whose trances were detectable at that time and he had used to develop some of the foundations of his cosmology was the Manichaeism. The results of the present study shows that although Naser Khosro`s cosmology is monotheistic which is just the opposite of Mani’s dualistic cosmology, it is affected by this cosmology in cases such as the creation of universe, captivity of the spirit in the body, the why of the universe, and manʹs salvation and especially hatred of universe and pessimism.