دين و دينداران در نگاه صدرالمتالهين شيرازي

Religion and the Pious from Mullā Sadrā’s Viewpoint

چكيده آثار صدرالمتالهين شيرازي مجال برداشتهاي مختلف از مفهوم دين را براي مخاطبان فراهم آورده است، زيرا عبارات وي گاهي دين را«تسليم»، برههاي «ايمان» و زماني «شريعت» معرفي ميكند. تعريف‌ها و برداشت‌هايي كه هيچ يك خالي از ملاحظه نيستند. به‌رغم‌اين ميتوان تعريف مرضي وي از دين را چنين دانست: دين قانون و برنامه‌اي است كه از سوي پروردگار و به واسطه انسان برگزيدهاي كه نبي يا رسول ناميده ميشود به منظور سامانبخشي به امور فردي و اجتماعي خلق در حين حيات و پس از آن و رساندن آنان به كمال و سعادت شايستهشان - در دو بعد نظري و عملي نفس - فرستاده ميشود. صدرا وارد مباحث مهم ديگري در شناخت دين نيز شده است. او هم اقسام گزارههاي دين را تبيين كرده است و هم نسبت ميان آنها را به خوبي نشان ميدهد. وي مراتب تكاملي دين، انبيا و امتهايشان را روشن ساخته است؛ هچنانكه به تفصيل در باب درجات دينداران و نسبت ميان آنها هم سخن ميگويد. نوشتار حاضر ميكوشد انديشههاي صدرا در محورهاي مزبور را با كاوش آثار متعدد‌اين حكيم مسلمان بررسي كند.

Abstract The works of Sadr al-Muta’allehin Shir?zi, widely known as Mull? Sadr?, offer readers an opportunity to have different readings of the concept ‘religion’ because his definition of religion sometimes suggests ‘surrender’, in certain occasions ‘faith’ and at times the ‘Divine law’. None of these definitions and readings are exempt from certain considerations. In spite of this diversity, his own accepted definition of religion is as follows: Religion is a law and a plan revealed by Allah through a chosen man called Prophet or Messenger to organize personal and social affairs of the people both in their lives of this world and in those of the other (hereafter), and lead them to the desired and deserved state of perfection and happiness or eternal bliss— in the theoretical and practical aspects of the soul (nafs). Mull? Sadr? has also opened up some other significant discussions on the way through which one can come to know religion. Not only has he explained statements of religion but also he has nicely illustrated the relations that exist among them. He has also made clear the evolutionary levels (states) of religion, Prophets and religious communities, as he has spoken of the grades of the people of faith and their interrelations in detail. The present paper seeks to explore Mull? Sadr?’s thoughts on the above-mentioned issues by examining the numerous works of this Muslim sage.