پديد آورندگان :
كاشاني جو، خشايار نويسنده , , هرزندي، سارا نويسنده كارشناسي ارشد طراحي شهري، دانشكده هنر و معماري، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي، واحد علوم و تحقيقات، تهران، ايران Harzandi, Sara , فتح العلومي، ايل ناز نويسنده ,
چكيده لاتين :
Urban spaces or public areas are the main place of citizens’ social life. In urban public areas, the most contacts, relations, and interactions happen among people. These spaces include the whole parts of urban area that people have physical or visual access to them. Therefore, these places include streets, parks, junctions, and surrounding buildings. Moreover, the public sense of space, public openness, and performance of social interactions are three main indicators of urban spaces. These spaces find their meaning through presence of human activities. Nowadays, the quality and quantity of urban spaces are considered as the most important indicators of development and livability in cities. Urban spaces indicate life dynamism in cities and they are base of urban design. Urban public spaces are more important because of their role in creating social interactions among the citizens rather than their physical role. Therefore they have to provide context for participation of all society members, especially weaker groups like children. As many children of the world live in urban areas, they should be able to declare their viewpoints in related issues. They should be able to nurture their potentials by participation in creating social life. Meanwhile, there are few researches related to the investigation of children’s viewpoints about designing urban spaces. Furthermore, considering the needs of children in designing public areas is significant because their ages put them in the most impressionable groups of the society. Evaluating desirability criteria of urban public spaces from viewpoints of children and also investigating the importance and the methods of participating children in the process of designing urban spaces are the purpose of this research. 7-11 year- old- Children have been considered as the target group Because children in these ages, according to their physical and mental abilities, have the capacity of learning citizen’s rights and life skills regarding to the social and cultural issues. Nezamieh neighborhood which is in district no. 6 of region no. 12 in Tehran was considered as the case study and 50 children including 25 boys and 25 girls has been selected as the sample case by accidental categorized method. Then, it was requested from this sample group to declare desirable factors in urban spaces of their living areas by painting. The method is documentary through the most valid resources and local investigation by a compound approach. Then several paintings have been registered and some unofficial interviews and observations have been done. For this purpose, after explaining the concept, indicators of urban spaces, characteristics and children capabilities in different ages, the importance and manners of children participation in designing urban spaces have been summarized based on different theorists’ viewpoints. Then by using improvisation method, different children s opinions in unofficial interviews and also their paintings have been analyzed. The main reason of using improvisation method is completely free explanation of internal sense by children because if the child knows the opinions of the tester, he will hide his ideas. These data have been evaluated by an experienced expert of learning psychology from two aspects; framework including lines, space, color which are indicators of general personality of the child and context including declaration of the child’s viewpoint by adjusting the distance of elements (house, tree, alley, sky, ground, car,…), the position and size of the subject in the paper. Findings show that providing children’s favorites in designing, changing planning focus and participating of children in their related issues are some of the most important reasons for engaging children in planning process. Also, creating social infrastructures, participatory design projects, painting and preparing map, interview and observation are the most important methods of this participation. Moreover, the results indicate that desirability factors of urban public spaces that professionals have presented are confirmed for children. In the other words, children have pointed to factors such as security, green spaces, clean air and livability as the most important criteria of desirable urban spaces. This means that children have emphasized on connection between nature and human-orientation in urban spaces.
Keywords: Urban Public Space, Children Participation, Desirable Place, Improvisation.
