تحليلي بر تاثيرات ساختار كالبدي محيط هاي شهري در امنيت گردشگران، نمونه موردي: حوزه ثامن مادرشهر مشهد

The Analysis of the Impacts of Physical Structure of Urban Environment on the Tourists’ Security, Case Study: Samenzone of Mashhad

امروزه امنيت به عنوان مهمترين و زيربنايي ترين اصل در تدوين راهبُرد توسعه گردشگري به ويژه در شهرها به شمار مي رود. در اين بين عامل كالبدي و فيزيكي از جمله فضاهاي بدون دفاع شهري يكي از مهمترين عوامل بروز ناامني در محيط هاي گردشگري است. بنابراين، با توجه به ضرورت موضوع و عدم توجه كافي به تاثيرات امنيت در توسعه گردشگري، مي توان گفت؛ در اين مقاله كه از نظر هدف،كاربردي-توسعه اي بوده و از نظر جمع آوري اطلاعات و داده ها و استنباط از آنان، يك تحقيق اسنادي - پيمايشي است سعي بر آن شده؛ اين موضوع به طور موردي در حوزه شهرداري ثامن مادرشهر مشهد كه بافت مركزي مشهد را شامل مي شود، مورد تجزيه و تحليل قرار گيرد. هدف آن بررسي وضعيت كالبدي حوزه مورد مطالعه و تاثير آن بر ميزان امنيت زايران و گردشگران مي باشد. بررسي هاي صورت گرفته نتايج ذيل را شامل شد: - بافت كالبدي حوزه ثامن (از جمله وجود فضاهاي بدون دفاع شهري) تاثير مستقيمي بر روي افزايش آسيب هاي اجتماعي و در نتيجه ناامن شدن حوزه براي گردشگران و زايران داشته است. - تلفيق نامناسب كاربري ها از جمله تلفيق كاربري مسكوني (خانه هاي ويلايي و قديمي) با كاربري هاي خدماتي گردشگري به ويژه هتل هاي بلندمرتبه و مراكز تجاري مدرن، منجر به ناامن شدن اين حوزه شده است. - بيش از 55 درصد گردشگران، اين حوزه را ناامن دانسته و بيش از 60 درصد آن ها وضعيت نامناسب كالبدي را مهمترين عامل در ناامن شدن آن معرفي كرده اند.

Accordingly, creation of security within Samen Municipality, in Mashhad city, requires basic efforts and special studies. Therefore, regarding to particular conditions of this area, the first and most important strategy in order to provide security for tourists is distribution of tourists which is done in specific tourism services. In addition, following suggestions can be expressed for security improvement in case study: • The first and most important suggestion that can be affected others, is prevention of excessive accumulation of pilgrims in some areas of this region and distribution of pilgrims in whole of city and all regions. • Change of proper land use within available land use in Samen region, that actually is a part of old and worn texture, can be helpful to prevent and reduce crime in urban areas; and throughout continuous and useful communication of planners and urban designers and town security forces, it will be achieved in relation with urban spaces. • Development educational, sanitary and sporty-recreational areas for social – economic achievements and keeping the population. It can be suggested that identification and abandon dilapidated buildings and changing their land use to health and educational facilities, sports and recreation areas should be done. • Through optimal location, distribution and urban security bases can reduce the probability of crime occurrence. • Although crime and insecurity have fundamental economic and social roots but role of space in reducing or exacerbating insecurity should not be neglected. Some of these cases include: compatible land uses mixing, creating proportion between forms and functions, achieve readability, orientation in space and time, existence sense of belonging to the social and geographical space, and paying attention to spatial gender design. • The relationship between social indicators and social security and building density should be reviewed and provided for Samen region. • Creating organizational and organic relationship between Samen region and adjacent areas through improved urban spaces, creating parks, mending and renovation of buildings and creating jobs in that ecosystem. • Perform policing strategies in Samen region such as strategy of rapid response to emergency calls, strategy of randomly patrol and strategy of employing guided patrols based on local patterns. • Providing spatial secure within residential neighborhoods with an emphasis on space, determining land use of lost and abandoned spaces. • Attention to security issues in urban renewed design of spaces particular pedestrian spaces can reduce some of no defense spaces through planning and principled design • Attention to security in urbanization and urban design of spaces, including special attention to proper lighting and optimal location lighting resource in regions. • Amplification of continuous presence of residents and tourists in spaces of this region (continuous and permanent presence of residents and tourists) is caused by social security. In general, urban designers of non checkered design, proper definitions of land uses, eliminating blind spots, organizing and creating neighborhoods can raise coefficient of urban security and prevention of crime. It is also considered that inside urban designers, architects, municipalities and other non-security institutions should implement actions such as lighting, correction of passages, creating special facilities, eliminating ruined and haunted places, and organizing high density spaces for creation of security and prevention of crime. While issues of security and prevention of crime in city are multifaceted issue that wouldn’t only supply an organization and institution, some factors such as citizen participation, effective presence of municipalities and other institutions should be considered. Keywords: Tourism, Security, Tourism Security, Physical Strictures, Samen Zone, Mashhad.