تاثير حضور ايرانيان در ساختار قدرت سياسي خلافت بر تحولات فرهنگي سده‌هاي نخستين اسلامي

Presence of Iranians in the Political Hierarchy of the Early Islamic Caliphate and its Impact on the Medieval Cultural Developments

پس از تسلط اعراب بر ايران واكنش‌هاي متفاوتي مانند مبارزه عليه اقتدار رسمي، مباحثات نظري و چالش با مسلمانان ازسوي ايرانيان بروز كرد. گروهي نيز ضمن پذيرش اسلام، كوشيدند با نفوذ در ساختار قدرت سياسي خلافت، با رونق فرهنگي جامعه از زوال فرهنگ ايران جلوگيري كنند. مساله اصلي اين مقاله بررسي رابطه تراكم قدرت در دست ايرانيان ذي‌نفوذ در ساختار قدرت سياسي خلافت با تحولات فرهنگي جامعه اسلامي است. اين بررسي نشان مي‌دهد حضور گسترده خاندان‌هاي ايراني در ساخت قدرت خلافت عباسي، موجب فعال شدن آنان در عرصه سياست‌گذاري‌هاي فرهنگي شد. ايرانيان علاوه بر امور سياسي، اقتصادي، مذهبي و تكوين زيرساخت‌هاي اداري، در رونق فرهنگي و انديشه‌هاي علمي و توسعه صنايع وابسته به علم و كتابت مانند كاغذ و قلم نقش مهمي ايفا كردند. اين مقاله بر اساس روش تبيين تاريخي بر آن است تا دستاوردها و رونق فرهنگي و علمي را به تاثير از حضور ايرانيان در قدرت سياسي خلافت بررسي كند.

After the dominance of Arabs in Iran in the early Islamic history, various types of resistances and oppositions occurred. The oppositions throughout the first few centuries of the Arab rule in Iran included political and armed confrontation against official authority, and more importantly theoretical research and debates to challenge Muslims. Furthermore, a group of Iranians who had converted to Islam, endeavored to penetrate into the political hierarchy of the Caliphate, and actively participated in cultural and scientific development of society all of which prevented the extinction of Iranian cultural presence in society. The main purpose of this article is to review of the relationship between the political power of influential Iranians in the hierarchy of political power of Caliphate and cultural development of society. This review proves that the extensive presence of Iranian influential households in the power structure of Abbasid Caliphate was the main cause for the establishment and progression of their cultural and scientific framework. Iranians actively participated in the development of political, economic, religious, and administrative foundations throughout Abbasid era. Furthermore, they played a significant role in the advancement of Arabic and Persian literature, philosophy, natural sciences and industries related to writing such as fabrication of paper and pencils. This article, based on the method of “historical explanation,” seeks to analyze the cultural and scientific outcome of the presence of Iranians in the political power structure of the period of Abbasid Caliphate.