نشوز زوج در فقه و حقوق خانواده جمهوري اسلامي ايران

Husband’s Refusal to Fulfill His Marital Duties in Jurisprudence and Family Law of the Islamic Republic of Iran

نشوز زوج، يكي از مباحث مهم فقه و حقوق خانواده است كه به طور مستقيم در قرآن كريم ريشه دارد و مانند نشوز زوجه، آيه‌اي به آن اختصاص يافته است. با وجود روشن‌بودن مفهوم لغوي واژه نشوز، درباره مفهوم نشوز زوج و مصاديق آن در فقه خانواده ميان فقهاي عظام اتفاق نظر وجود ندارد و اين اختلاف به حقوق داخلي ما نيز سرايت كرده است؛ به گونه‌اي كه در قوانين خانواده ج.ا.ايران، واژه ‌نشوز فقط درباره زوجه به كار رفته است. اين نوشتار مي‌كوشد مفهوم، مصاديق و شرايط نشوز زوج را در فقه تبيين نمايد و سپس وضعيت آن را در حقوق خانواده ج.ا.ايران مورد بررسي قرار دهد.

Husband’s refusal to fulfill his marital duties is one of the important issues in jurisprudence and family law which has its roots in the holy Quran. The Quran in a verse discuses husband’s refusal to fulfill his marital duties just like that of wife’s. Despite the literary clarity of the concept of husband’s refusal to fulfill his martial duties, there is no unanimous approach to this concept and its referents in the family jurisprudence among the religious jurisprudents. These differences have spilled over to the law of Iran to the extent that in the family law of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the concept of refusal to fulfill marital duties applies only to the wife’s refusal to fulfill her martial duties. The present paper is an attempt to explain the referents and conditions of husband’s refusal to fulfill her marital duties in jurisprudence and then its status in the family law of Iran.