موجه سازي مطالبات رفاه اجتماعي

Justified Demands of Social Welfare Based on the Theory of Right

مقدمه: وقتي از«رفاه اجتماعي» سخن به ميان مي‌آيد؛ كمتر به ريشه‌ها و فلسفه رفاه توجه مي‌شود و معمولاَ، نيازهاي رفاهي از جنس نيازهاي دست دوم و روبنايي تلقي مي‌شوند و همين امر سبب مي‌شود كه به خصوص در مواقع بروز محدوديت‌هاي اقتصادي و سياسي به راحتي از تامين نيازهاي رفاهي مردم صرف‌نظر شود. اين درحالي است كه مفاهيم بنيادين مربوط به رفاه اجتماعي در اغلب سنت‌هاي فكري دقيقاً همان مفاهيمي هستند كه پايه‌هاي اصلي «حق» را تشكيل مي‌دهند و لذا اگر به مقوله رفاه اجتماعي به منزله «حق» نگريسته شود، آنگاه رفاه اجتماعي نيز جز حقوق «اساسي» مردم تلقي مي‌شود. ما در اين مقاله سعي داريم با مرور مفاهيم نظري فلسفه حق، ارتباط تنگاتنگ بين «حق» و «رفاه اجتماعي» را مورد بررسي قرار دهيم. روش: اين تحقيق به روش اسنادي و با مراجعه به منابع علمي به صورت مروري به منظور بسط مباحث نظري پيرامون فلسفه رفاه اجتماعي به انجام رسيده است. يافته‌ها: يافته‌هاي اين تحقيق نشان مي‌دهد كه در اكثر منابع و متون علمي «حق» به معناي «ادعاي تضمين شده و حاكم» است؛ يعني ادعايي كه با پشتيباني قدرت سياسي الزام مي‌شود و در مقابل ادعاهاي متعارض همواره پيروز و حاكم است. مفهوم و نهاد حق، بر پايه اصل كرامت ذاتي انسان قابل موجه شدن است و آنچه كه موجب معني‌دار شدن كرامت ذاتي انسان‌ها مي‌شود اين است كه آنها عملاً بتوانند آزادانه در مسير كرامت ذاتي خود حركت نمايند. از طرف ديگر، اگر به مباحثي كه نوعاً توسط انديشمندان حوزه رفاه اجتماعي مطرح مي‌شود دقت كنيم، اغلب آنها به مفاهيمي چون «عدالت، برابري، آزادي و توزيع منابع» اشاره مي‌كنند و بسياري از سياست‌هاي اجتماعي براي تامين عدالت و برابري، استقرار آزادي و توزيع عادلانه منابع مادي ارايه مي‌گردند. نتايج: براساس يافته‌هاي اين تحقيق، رابطه معني‌داري بين مفاهيم بنيادين «حق» و «رفاه اجتماعي» برقرار است و ازآنجاكه «دفاع از حق» جايگاه رفيعي در هنجارهاي اجتماعي و ساختارهاي سياسي دارد؛ لذا با پذيرش اين واقعيت كه: مطالبات، نيازها، ادعاها و انتظارات رفاهي مردم از جنس «حقوق اساسي» به شمار مي‌روند، مي‌توان براي تامين اين نيازها و مطالبات؛ ارزشي همسنگ مطالبات حقوقي قايل شد.

Introduction: Generally, when speak about the" social welfare”, less attention is paid to the fundamental concepts and philosophy of welfare and related social welfare. And usually welfare needs are considered as secondary and Superstructure needs. Welfare needs of the people, which are rarely seen among the fundamental needs and basic rights be considered. Therefore, this causes especially in the case of economic and political constraints to be comfortable regardless of the welfare needs of the people. However, basic concepts of the social welfare, in most intellectual traditions are several key variables, that, These variables are exactly the same concepts which make up the basic core of the "right". Therefore, if the social welfare as a" right" to be seen, Then social welfare is considered as well as the" fundamental rights" of the people. In this paper review of the theoretical concepts of the philosophy of right and the relationship between "right" and" social welfare" were studied. Method: This study by referring to the scientific references as a review research and for developping theoretical Discussions about the philosophy of social welfare has been done. Findings: Findings of this study show that: in majority of the scientific resources and literature, "right" meant to "secured claim and ruling". it means: this claim is supported by political power and always it is the final winner in the conflict with oppositions. The concept of the right is justified based on the principle of human dignity, And what is the meaning of human dignity ? Are they potentially able to move freely in the direction of their inherent dignity? Also, some elements must be provided up to people whom are able to plan and executed them to shed a good life, and In this regard, there are three essential elements: "independence," "freedom" and "resources". On the other hand, if we pay attention to some issues are typically discussed by scholars of social welfare, Most of them refer to the concepts like "justice, equality, freedom and the distribution of resources", and many of the social policies are offered for providing justice and equality, establish freedom and fair distribution of material resources. Discussion: Based on findings of this study, there is a significant relationship between fundamental notions of "right" and "social welfare". And because "Defend the Right" has a high position in social norms and political structures, Therefore, by accepting the fact that demands, needs and expectations welfare of People are stuff of "fundamental right" and this concept Can be used to cover these needs, demands and expectations are as the value equivalent legal value.