مسيله‌شناسي زنان بنا بر روايت زنان (مطالعه كيفي)

A Qualitative Study on How Women Perceived Their Social Problems

مقدمه: مطالعه مسايل اجتماعي، همواره جزو بخش‌هاي پيچيده جامعه‌شناسي بوده است؛ زيرا آنچه امروز از ديد عده‌اي چالش اجتماعي تلقي مي‌شود، ممكن است فردا و از ديد عده‌اي ديگر اين گونه تلقي نشود. جامعه‌شناسي اگرچه در شناسايي و تبيين مسايل اجتماعي ديدگاه‌هاي نظري متنوعي را بسط داده؛ از شناسايي و تحليل و تبيين مسايل زنان همواره غفلت ورزيده و آن را موضوعي حاشيه‌اي دانسته است. شايد بهترين راه براي جبران غفلت جامعه‌شناسي، در نظر گرفتن تجربيات روزانه زنان و شناسايي مشكلات آنان بنا بر روايت خودشان باشد. روش: تحقيق حاضر كه از نوع كيفي و اكتشافي است، از طريق 54 مصاحبه عميق با زنان شهر تهران در گستره سني 19 تا 59 سال، به دنبال شناسايي و دسته‌بندي مسايل زنان از ديد خودشان است. يافته‌ها: يافته‌هاي تحقيق حاكي از آن است كه تنوع و گستره مسايل زنان با توجه به متغيرهايي همچون سن، شغل، تحصيلات، طبقه و وضعيت تاهل متفاوت است و تصور زنان از مسايل اجتماعي شان، با تجربيات واقعي آن‌ها در زندگي روزمره شكل مي‌گيرد. بحث: مصاحبه‌هاي عميق در اين تحقيق آشكار كرد كه مسايل زنان به دو بخش خصوصي و عمومي تقسيم مي‌شود و زنان با توجه به عوامل مختلفي همچون عوامل فرهنگي، اجتماعي، اقتصادي و فردي، مسايل خود را تبيين كرده و براي مرتفع ساختن آن از دو راهكار مبتكرانه و واكنشي بهره مي‌برند.

Introduction: study of social problems in one of the most important area in sociology. Besides, women’s problems were relatively neglected as research topics until the late 1960s. However, this area has been one of the most complicated areas because social problems are differently conceived societies, through history and even within societies at one particular time. In fact, most of people face with social problem as if it is harmful to them but some social conditions that some people consider them as a problem and harmful condition maybe seen as a natural and beneficial situation to the others. Method: in this article data was gathered by depth interview with 54 women aged 19 to 59 in Tehran city. Findings: Based on the stories narrated by women included in this study, womenʹs perception about their social problems, the way of confrontation and the causes of their problems are analyzed. result of research show that the range of social problems perceived by women varies and depends on many factors including age, occupation, education, social class and marital status. Discussion: It is possible to classify womenʹs problems in terms of private and public one. Women stated that different factors including cultural, social, economical as well as individualistic characters made their problems. Women also asserted that they try to overcome their problem through passive and pro-active solutions.