سازه هوش هيجاني، حلقه‌اي مفقوده در تبيين اضطراب فيزيك اجتماعي مورد مطالعه: دختران دانشجوي مقطع كارشناسي دانشگاه تبريز

Emotional Intelligence Construct: a Vicious Ring in Social Physical Anxiety (Case Study: the Undergraduate Female Students of Tabriz University)

امروزه منابع مختلف اجتماعي با تاكيد بر اهميت ظاهر بدني و ارايه معيارهاي زيبايي تقريباً به دور از دسترس، زمينه‌ساز مشكلات جسمي، رواني و اجتماعي براي افراد و بخصوص زنان جوان شده‌اند. اضطراب فيزيك اجتماعي يكي از اختلالات رواني است كه در پي همين فشارها و مطالبات اجتماعي به وجود مي‌آيد. مطالعه حاضر سعي دارد با تعيين ميزان اضطراب فيزيك اجتماعي در بين دختران جوان، ارتباط اين اختلال را با مفهوم هوش هيجاني كه از عوامل موثر بر بهداشت رواني افراد است، بررسي كند. جامعه آماري اين پژوهش، شامل تمامي دختران دانشجوي مقطع كارشناسي دانشگاه تبريز در سال تحصيلي 92-91 به تعداد 4514 نفر است كه از اين تعداد، 376 نفر به روش تصادفي طبقه‌اي به عنوان نمونه آماري انتخاب شده‌اند. داده‌ها به روش پيمايشي و با ابزار اندازه‌گيري پرسشنامه گردآوري شده و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار20-SPSS تجزيه و تحليل شده‌اند. نتايج تحقيق نشان مي‌دهد كه اضطراب فيزيك اجتماعي با هوش هيجاني و مولفه‌هاي آن كه در اين تحقيق بررسي شد (خودآگاهي، خودكنترلي، هوشياري اجتماعي و مهارت‌هاي اجتماعي)، همبستگي منفي و معنادار دارد. با لحاظ تحليل رگرسيوني، متغيرهاي مستقل تحقيق در كل، 28 درصد از تغييرات اضطراب فيزيك اجتماعي را تبيين مي‌كنند و از چهار مولفه بعد خودآگاهي با 498/0- = Betaو بعد مهارت‌هاي اجتماعي با 208/0- = Beta بيشترين مقدار واريانس اضطراب فيزيك اجتماعي را پيش‌بيني مي‌كنند.

Introduction In contemporary society, the mass media emphasize on the importance of physical appearance and provided unattainable standards of beauty that it creates health mental and social problems for people especially for young women. Social Physical Anxiety is one of the mental disorders and occurs at the result of these social pressures. This anxiety arises when a person thinks that his body is estimated to be negative. Various issues are caused due to anxiety, so trying to achieve the prevention and treatment is very valuable. Researchers have shown that emotional intelligence was negatively correlated with all kinds of anxiety, and the learning emotional intelligence can reduces anxiety dramatically. This study tries to determine rate of social physical anxiety in Young girls. It also tries to determine correlation of these disorders with emotional intelligence (EI) as one of the factors affecting mental health. Emotional intelligence is the ability to identify, assess, and control the emotions of one self, of others, and of groups. People with highly developed emotional intelligence are usually self-smart - they are able to make sense of what they do, the thoughts they have, and why they feel what they feel. They also communicate effectively and are able to tune in and emphasis with others. They are better at handling relationships of every kind and are more likely to be happy and fulfilled. Theorists believe that emotional intelligence is an important factor in reducing social anxiety. They argue that individuals will find ways to cope with stress by controlling their emotions. Considering the importance of emotional intelligence in explaining this type of anxiety, we want to investigate existence and quality of relation between emotional intelligence and social physical anxiety. Material and Methods The statistical population of this study includes all undergraduate female students of Tabriz University (4515 students). Samples are chosen through Cochran Formula. They were 367 students. This study is done through survey method and we used closed questionnaire for collecting the data. To measure the components of emotional intelligence we used the questions that were adapted from standard emotional intelligence questionnaire of Siberia Shearing. And measuring the social physical anxiety, the close-ended response questionnaire in Likert scale format was used. Sampling method is random sampling and the unit of study is person. Finally, we analyzed the data by the Spss software. frequency distribution, measures of central tendency and dispersion have used In the descriptive statistics and we used of Pearson correlation test and multivariate regression in the analytical statistics. Discussion of Results and Conclusions According to the results of descriptive statistics social physical anxiety mean is below the average and emotional intelligence mean is above average among respondents. The other results show that Emotional intelligence and its components (Self-awareness, Self-controlling, Social consciousness, Social skills) have a negative and significant correlation with Social physical anxiety. In other words, social physical anxiety decreases by increasing self-awareness, self-control, social awareness, social skills and emotional intelligence in general and vice versa among respondents. According to the regression analysis, the independent variables explained 28% Change of Social physical anxiety. and among this variables, "Self- awareness" variable with Beta= -0/498 and "Social skills" variable with Beta= -0/208 were significant factors in predicting Social physical anxiety. The negative relationship between Social anxiety and dimension of Emotional intelligence is parallel with the present results in literature of the research. According to these findings, we can infer that women who have low scores on Emotional Intelligence, can’t resistance against to the irrationality demands of social and thy afraid of judging others about their appearance. And thus they experience social physical anxiety when they assume that their appearance is contrary to accepted standards of beauty.