بررسي رابطه هويت ديني و سرمايه اجتماعي (مورد مطالعه: شهر ياسوج)

An Investigation of the Relationship between Religious Identity and Social Capital (Case Study: Yasouj)

دين و آموزه هاي آن مي تواند با ايجاد باورها و ارزش هاي مشترك ميان پيروان خود، موجبات شكل‌گيري، استحكام و دوام سرمايه اجتماعي را فراهم آورد، امّا اين مفهوم كمتر مورد توجّه محققان رشته هاي مختلف قرار گرفته است. بر اين اساس، اين پژوهش با هدف ميزان تاثير هويت ديني بر سرمايه اجتماعي در بين شهروندان شهر ياسوج انجام گرفته است. در اين تحقيق، چارچوب نظري با استناد به نظريه پردازان سرمايه اجتماعي (جاكوبز، پاتنام، فوكوياما، لين و كلمن) و نظريه پردازان هويت ديني (كلارك و استارك، گيدنز و دوركيم)، تدوين گرديد. شيوه تحقيق پيمايشي و با نمونه اي به حجم 382 نفر با ابزار پرسشنامه در پانزده محله شهر ياسوج انجام گرفت. نتايج تحقيق نشان دادند هويت ديني و ابعاد آن، رابطه مثبت و معناداري با سرمايه اجتماعي دارند. نتايج تحقيق همچنين نشان داد ورود متغيرهاي جمعيتي به عنوان متغيرهاي كنترل به مدل، باعث افزايش ضريب تبيين مي‌شود، اما اين افزايش اساساَ ناشي از متغير سن و ساير متغيرهاي جمعيتي سهم معناداري در پيش‌بيني سرمايه اجتماعي ندارند. نتيجه‌گيري اصلي تحقيق اين است كه با ارتقاي هويت ديني مي‌توان سرمايه اجتماعي را افزايش داد.

Introduction Social capital is related to the relationship between human actors and Since it is formed through social relations intangible and therefore less is identified. This capital increase will lead to more and better interaction between people. But with the decline and fall of social capital, we will witness of discrimination, inequality, migration, lack of common sense, loss of social participation, affairs of charity decline, increasing deviances and addiction, family breakdown and the generation gap . But religion as a social phenomenon in the individual dimension answer to the ultimate questions of human And in the social dimension has a organizing function or cause to coherence of the entire of Society. religion either trough the presence or importance can cause sense of trust, coherence, shared identity, social solidarity and the spirit of cooperation in individuals. Therefore, religion constitute a large part of human culture That can create shared beliefs and values among its followers And call them to perform common religious ritual and practices to have them together and This leads to social stability and durability. But religion and its doctrines as the most important factor in creating social capital has received little attention. Therefore in the current Iranian society that is a developing country and due to Religious identity is a part of original identity of the inhabitants of this country, Necessity of considering to the relationship between religion and social capital become important. Method and Materials This research is a survey study. The statistical population is all citizens of Yasouj who are 18 years old and older. Sample size is 381 individuals who were selected by means of random multi-stage sampling method. This instrument is a 58-item questionnaire was designed as a combination of researcher made and others have made. Clark and Stark religious identity scale is a 19-item questionnaire that assesses the construct of religious identity and it’s scored on a five-point Likert scale. The minimum and maximum scores of the subject’s religious identity are 20 and 100, respectively. For assessing the significance of religion, four aspects of ritual (5 questions), faith (5 items), emotional (5 items) and outcome (4 questions) are used. Confirmatory factor analysis and varimax rotation were used to assess the validity of the questionnaire. KMO test is equal to .902 for the construct of religious identity which indicates the adequacy of the sampling. Bartlett’s significance test indicates that there exists correlation between the variables. Reliability of religious identity construct is equal to .91 which indicates the internal consistency of the scales. Construct social capital in the form of the 32 items in the four dimensions of social trust, social networks, social participation and social awareness was measured. KMO test is equal to .725 for the construct of Social capital which indicates the adequacy of the sampling. Bartlett’s significance test indicates that there exists correlation between the variables. Reliability of Social capital construct is equal to .71 which indicates the internal consistency of the scales. Data were analyzed using bivariate regression. The results are presented in Table 1. The correlation coefficient equals .30 and shows that there is a significant positive relationship between religious identity and Social capital. Between all four subscales of religious identity, social capital is also positive and significant relationship was observed. Table 1- Bivariate regression between Religious Identity and social capital Sig T Sig F R2 R 0.000 6.07 0.000 36.9 0.08 0.30 social capital Religious identity 0.000 15.2 0.000 37.1 0.09 0.30 social capital ritual 0.03 2.2 0.03 4.9 0.01 0.11 social capital faith 0.000 4.5 0.000 2.3 0.05 0.22 social capital emotional 0.000 4.7 0.000 22.1 0.05 0.23 social capital outcome Discussion of Results & Conclusions The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between religious identity and Social capital in Yasouj. Results showed that only 7 percent of respondents have low social capital and 8/55 percent have moderate level of social capital and 39.5 percent of individuals have strong social capital. Also based on the average score of religious identity, Only 5 percent of respondents have weak religious identity and 11.3 percent have moderate religious identity And more than two-thirds 2/88 percent of individuals have strong religious identities. According to the results of this study, a significant positive relationship was observed between religious identity and Social capital. This finding with most studies conducted in this field and theoretical approaches outlined are consistent and they will confirm. Generally most of religious doctrines is based on respect for the rights of others, cooperation with community members, well interactions with coreligionists, Creation trust in others and other good and positive religious moral values that if you act like this the consequence is increase of social capital in society.