بايسته‌ها عقلانيّت در حكمت متعاليه

Necessities and Barriers of Shiʹite Rationality with Approach to

عقلانيت و خردورزي، برجسته‌ترين فعل وشاخصه فصل اخير انسانيّت است، كه مكتب‌هاي مختلف فكري و فلسفي برترين و ماندگار‌ترين اعتبار خود را در قوت انتساب به آن مي‌بيند، پرسشي كه اين مقاله درپي پاسخ به آن است اينكه: حكمت متعاليه به عنوان عالي‌ترين نماد عقلانيّت شيعي شرايط اساسي درست انديشي و خردورزي حكيمانه را چگونه ترسيم نموده و برچه عناصري استوار مي‌نمايد؟ و خردورزان را براي نيل به حقيقت وگشودن افق‌هاي بلند و روشن فرا روي بشريّت به رعايت كدامين اصول توصيه مي‌نمايد؟ از بررسي در آثار صدرالمتالهين شيرازي چنين استفاده مي‌شود كه وي با تاكيدبر اصول و قواعدعلمي و استدلالي حكمت متعاليه براي خردورزي ونيل به حقايق وكشف افق‌هاي جديد جهاني وسيع‌تر توجه به بايسته هايي را اجتناب ناپذيرمي بيند، كه برخي از آن ها نظير عقل پايه‌گي، ايمان، قدسي‌بودن، حكمت، حرّيت، تهذيب ظاهر از طريق شريعت و تطهير قلب ، ضوابط اثباتي و ايجابي‌اند ، و درمقابل؛ كاستي ذاتي، ، رودگرداني از غايت مطلوب، حجاب فروهشته وناآگاهي از راه مطلوب،ازامورقابل توجه اند.

Rationality is the most prominent action and characteristic of humanity that different schools of thought and philosophy see their reputation and survival in attribution to it. This article seeks to answer this question which how the Transcendent Wisdom as the highest symbol of Shiʹite rationality to draw basic conditions of just thinking and wise intellection and it is based on what elements? And to achieve truth and open up bright horizons facing humanity it recommends the intellectuals observing what principles? By examining the works of Mulla Sadra it is obtained that he emphasizes on the principles and rules, not as only ethical and guidance advices but as scientific and reasoning necessity, that it is inevitable to observe them and achieve facts and discover the new horizons for obtaining a larger world, that some of these principles and rules such as reason – pivot, faith, being arcuate, wisdom, freedom, cleaning up the appearance by Shariʹa and purity of heart from inappropriate thoughts are positive and proving criteria, and its usage in various areas of reflection is essential, that they are interpreted "the necessities of rationality" in this research. Some of other principles and rules such as inherent defect, impurity of gem of life, away from favorable end, fallen wearing and unawareness of favorable way are nonpositive that abstinence from them is essential, and they are interpreted "the barriers of rationality".