جنيد بغدادي به گزارش تذكرهالاوليا

Joneid Baghdadi as Reported in Tazkaratul Owliya

مقاله حاضر بر آن است كه دانش بينش و احوال جنيد بغدادي، يكي از نام‌آورترين چهره‌هاي عرفان اسلامي را با تكيه بر گزارش عطار در تذكره الاوليا معرفي نمايد. جنيد اگرچه اهل صحو است، با سكرهم بي ارتباط نيست. امّا عمده‌ترين مساله در پيوند با او تاكيد بسيارش بر شريعت است.همين گرايش او را از عارفان پرشوري چون حلاج جدا و به وابستگي به حكومت عباسيان متّهم مي‌كند. براي ارايه تصويري روشن از چهره جنيد، ابتدا به اختصار طرز تلقي محققان مختلف را درباره او بررسي كرده و سپس براي نشان دادن ويژگي‌هاي او به سراغ تذكرهالاوليا رفته ايم.عطار، همچنان كه در معرفي شخصيّت‌هاي ديگر، ابتدا اقوال ديگران را درباره جنيد مي‌آورد و سپس سخنان گزيده او را در باب مسايل مختلف بيان مي‌كند. ما با تحليل هر دو بخش، كوشيده‌ايم در حد امكان، ساختار دانش، بينش و جهان بيني او را ترسيم نماييم. در اين ساختار، جنيد را عارفي متشرّع مي‌يابيم كه از سويي به مباني آيين خويش سخت پايبند است و از سوي ديگر، مي‌كوشد با تكيه بر دستاوردهاي شهودي، باورهاي ديني خود را تلطيف نمايد.

This paper tries to present Joneid’s knowledge, insight, and moods who was one of the prominent figures of Islamic mysticism, as reported by Attar in Tazkaratul Owliya. Though Joneid is a member of Sahv school of thought, he is not irrelevant to Sekkar. However, the major issue related to him is his overemphasis on Shariah. It is this tendency of him that makes him separate from passionate mystics like Hallaj, and keeps him accused of having dependency with Abbasid dynasty. To make a clear image of Joneid, first of all the implications of researchers on him are discussed briefly and then to depict his characteristics, Tazkaratul Owliya is scrutinized. Attar, just like his introduction of other characters, first stated the quotations on Joneid, and then addressed his selected speeches on various issues. Analyzing the two ways, the writers have endeavored to draw on the structure of his knowledge and insights and worldview to the possible extent. In this structure, Joneid is found to be the pro-Shariah mystic who on the one hand, he is strictly following the fundamentals of his own faith and on the other, he tries to show more flexibility on his intuitive and religious beliefs and achievements. Together with his extensive knowledge in the field of mysticism, he criticized a lot of mystical issues with his selective speeches so that he did unveil his level of knowledge and spiritual moods. Key words: Joneid; Baghdad school; Shariah; Sahv; mysticism