بررسي كيفي تاثيرخانواده در ميزان بزهكاري دختران و زنان (بررسي موردي بند نسوان زندان مركزي اصفهان)

The Qualitative Study of Family Influence on Girls Delinquency Rate(Case Study : Girls Word of Isfahan Central Jail)

خانواده نخستين گروهي است كه به صورت طبيعي وجود داشته‏اند و جامعه بر پايه آن بنا شده است. چگونگي و كيفيت عملكرد خانواده در تحقق وظايف خويش شاخص مناسبي براي ارزيابي عملكرد جامعه است. هر چه عملكرد خانواده خوبتر و سالمتر باشد، ثبات و سلامت جامعه بيشتر خواهد بود و برعكس، هر چه عملكرد خانواده بدتر و آشفته تر باشد سلامت جامعه بيشتر تهديد مي‏شود. وقتي زن؛ يعني ريشه و اساس و بنيان خانواده به بزهكاري متمايل شود، از ساير اعضاي خانواده به‏ويژه فرزندان نمي‏توان انتظار داشت كه در راه درست و صحيح قدم بگذارند، زيرا از تربيتي صحيح و درست محروم مانده‏اند. با توجه به اهميت مساله، به‏خصوص بزهكاري دختران به عنوان مادران و سازنده نسل آينده و با توجه به اين كه بيشتر مطالعات به صورت كمّي صورت گرفته، اين تحقيق در صدد بررسي كيفي اين موضوع و تاثير خانواده بر آن در كلانشهري مذهبي مثل اصفهان است. در واقع، هدف، بررسي تاثير خانواده اعم از پدر و مادر بر ميزان و گونه‏هاي مختلف بزهكاري دختران است. در اين تحقيق، به منظور گردآوري اطلاعات از تكنيك مصاحبه و روش نمونه‏گيري در دسترس (به علت محدوديت مصاحبه با زندانيان) و در تحليل آن از روش تحليل مضمون و نمودار شبكه‏اي استفاده شد. نتايج اين پژوهش نشان مي‏دهد كه خانواده تاثير بسيار زيادي بر گرايش يا عدم گرايش دختران به ارتكاب بزه دارد و در واقع، مي‏توان يكي از مهمترين فاكتورهاي بروز بزهكاري در دختران را خانواده و شرايط آن دانست.

Introduction Family is the first group that has been according to natural needs. It is the basic institute in society and for evaluating function of society it is suitable to evaluate the function of family. From distant past to several decades ago, crime , were considered to be men actions and some women offenders in the society was very small and unpredictable. But nowadays women crimes is considerable and because women generally are mothers , their delinquency has effect their family. The relationship between mother and child is usually very important during the stages of a child’s life researches show that if the relationship is damaged in any way may bring adverse consequences. There are different theoretical approaches in this field , but in this research was used pressure theory , social control theory and ecological theory. Material & Methods This research is qualitative study of family influence on women and girls delinquency in Isfahan city. Our sample select from women’s word in the central prison of Isfahan. After interviews, the data was analyzed using thematic analysis. In this technique, data reduces to several codes. Then related codes reduce to main categories, and finally concepts are used in thematic-network diagram. Description of the process based on the research has been as below: • Transcribing data from interviews ,reading and rereading the data ,noting down initial ideas.(familiarizing our self with our data) • Coding interesting features of the data in a systematic fashion across the entire data set , collating data relevant to each code.(generating initial codes) • Collating codes into potential themes, gathering all data relevant to each potential theme. • Checking in the themes work in relation to the coded extracts and the entire data set for reviewing themes. • Ongoing analysis to refine the specifices of each theme ,generating categories. • Generating a thematic ‘map’of the analysis or thematic network diagram. In this research the main categories were: In complement process of socialization, lake of emotional affects, week family control, family conflict, and economic – social status of family; that related with delinquency in thematic- network diagram. Discussion of Result & Conclusion Although crime of women are different and have different causes, but certainty “family context” has a central effect. The result of our research showed that in many cases of the women’s ward family content was abnormal, In such circumstances, family couldn’t do duty of parents to properly supervise their members and sometimes show “conflict behaviors“. Other problem in this context are: “reduce care” and “entrust” of parents. We constructed these concepts from social- control theory from Hirschy. Hirschy believed that whatever individuals in family have been greater in their affiliation, beliefs, engagements, personal commitments; they are less likely to engage in criminal behavior. In our country, we saw improvements in some areas occurred in family relationship but still express affection in our family usually are indirect and weak. For example parents have problems such as embarrassment , fear of loss of authority . Some sociological theories of deviance , such as ecological theory and pressure theory according to official statistics of social deviance said economic-social status of family have been associated with delinquency. Thinkers of this theories believe that the family’s with low social –economic status have sense of deprivation, lake of adequate conditions of life ,inappropriate or not satisfy the needs especially for young people; and delaying their success. This conditions lead to social pathology and deviance of parents. The deviance of parents or another deviant individual in family could directly affect tendency on delinquency and crime. So generally speaking, family is the first group that has the role of prevention of crime as well as the important context that delinquency is grown. In our research family factor including, incomplete process of socialization in the family lake of emotional affects, weak family control, family conflict and low economic-social status have important concepts on delinquency of women ward.