مرکز منطقه ای اطلاع رساني علوم و فناوري - بررسي رابطه فرايند جهاني شدن فرهنگي و هويت ملي در ايران ) مطالعه موردي: گروه هاي قومي لر شهر نورآباد ممسني و عرب شهر كنگان و توابع (

چكيده لاتين :

Introduction In the past few decades due to the expansion of the globalization process and its various effects to Iran, the solidarity and coordination between the ethnic groups and their connection to national identity has been affected. The globalization with its specific technologies leads to support the ethnic groups and also transnational identity. By the development of communicative and informative technologies such as satellite, internet etc. and extension of communicative networks, modern culture had been developed through the world. Some are believed that the globalization process of the communicative networks and satellites are sought for unifying the universal culture. It means that the world in the light of novel communicative and informative technologies is going to uniformity rapidly, according to a more precise term, reduction in the culture of developed western societies. Therefore, should expect a gradual disappearance of various types of micro-cultures within a global inclusive (comprehensive) culture. But some believe that this process at the same time cause creation of several distinctions among people. The present study had considered the relation between the globalization process and national identity among two ethnical groups of the Arabs and Lors in Iran. Noor Abad e Mamasani is located in northwest and west of the Fars province and also known as a western part of the Zagros zone. This town contains of several tribes that by putting all together, a different combination by the traditional viewpoint has been formed. Noor Abad e Mamasani from the first Pahlavi era had been involved in changes arise from novation, and by these changes, traditional structures of economical, cultural and social types had exposed to gradual transition( transformation). Lor group of Noor Abad e Mamasani town has much relation to Shiraz metropolis that in previous researches was distinguished that it is influenced by the globalization process. The Arab group resides in southwest of Iran. Occurrence of the Islamic Revolution and its revolutionary atmosphere bring about presenting Arabic nationalism tendencies and therefore, extending it. But the imposed war inhibited the occurrence of that and cause national solidarity. Economic recovery of the Arabs and their religious affiliations that are mostly Shias leads to reduction in activity and generally is in the same direction with national system. The previous studies had not so far discussed about the relation between cultural globalization and national identity of these two groups. The analysis unit of subjects is between 15-64 ages from Arab groups resides in Kangan town in Boushehr province and Lor group resides in Mammasani town in Fars province include men and women. The method of random sampling has several steps. This research decides to analyze the effects of globalization in ethnic groups in a comparative way. Material and Methods The theoretical frame of research derived from Giddenz‘s votes about globalization and identity. In his view, globalization actually means entwining of social events and social relations of the far lands with local or territorial warp and woof of other societies. In this process no one is able to stay safe from development of modernity or do selection unlike that. The specific characteristics of modernism, dynamism, worldwide affection and changes of traditional customs. Conflict with tradition is naturally concept of modernity. In the light of modernity, in cultures that were affected by it, approve of the action because of being traditional has no effect. Only in the light of the knowledge that did not gain its reliability from tradition, can justify it. According to Giddenzʹs viewpoint, lifestyle and social identity of nowadays human has a lot difference from human before modernity and the identity finding process is dependent on renewal characteristics. The importance of lifestyle in formation of identity by explaining globalization phenomena has been more appeared. Developments in communicational technologies as the most important source of experience mediator in finding identity process leave a huge effect on personal identity and structures of social relations. By developing of communication mass media particularly electronic communications, intercurrence of developing personal identity and social systems up to the popular and universal standards are more tangible than before. Globalization of informative and communicative relations causes the people in different areas is aware of lifestyle, values and behavioral norms of other regions of the world. This can lead to transformation or strengthening of lifestyles, values and norms. These technologies are the main factors to present worldwide culture and cultural relativity. Thus, those are referring to one of dimensions of Giddensʹs model about globalization process that means division of international work. This dimension is linked to industrial development. In his opinion one of the most important effects of industrialism is transformation in communication technologies. The present study is based on scaling method and using questionnaire as a research tool. Analysis unit (measure) of subjects between 15 to 64 years old is select from Arab group of Kangan town in Boushehr province and Lor group resides in Noor Abad e Mamasani in Fars province concerning all women and men. The random sampling method had multiple steps. Discussion of Results & Conclusions Preliminary results showed that, although the average of national identity of Lor group compared to Arab group under study was more, these differences are not acceptable at least by 95% of trust. Also the results obtained from correlation coefficients showed that, except awareness about globalization and religious and musicality indigenous lifestyles of other manners and also rethinking had mainly meaningful and reversed relation to national identity. These results had agreed to some previous researches (Edwards & Sen 4, 2004, Liber & Weisberg5 , 2002, Youshino, 1992 quoted from Heby et al. 1389, Khaje nouri et al. 1389, nasaaj, 1387, Heby et al. 1389, Lahsaei Zade et al.1388, Amousi 1384, Ayari 1384.). Also, the regression model showed that for the entire population musicality and native styles, scientific and educational styles, awareness of globalization, religious style, mobile style and rethinking as a whole, explained approximately 25 percentages of differences in changes of national identity. Also among the Arab ethnic group with 4 independent variables nearly 28 percentage and among Lor ethnic group with 6 independent variables 34 percentage of changes were explained. To pay attention to theoretical framework of research, process of globalization is consistent with universality and in an especial way rethinking and identical with voluntarism. The concept of "identity" connect these tow concepts together. The scope and depth of knowledge about the world as a single place is important. Globalization is greatly relates to issues about awareness and knowledge and this is because consciousness have rethinking meaning. Giddens believes that identity field in globalization process has changed. Whatever tradition loses its influence, people go to insist on choosing several choices and try to release from identity crises and seek traditional identity sources and tools. The results of this study show that religious identity and national identity as the identities before globalization process had positive relation but novel technologies (in new leisure mode, internet) as the most important source of mediated experience in finding identity process has negative relation to national identity. Rethinking is also base on voluntarism that had negative relation with national identity. It can be seen that scientific-educating, educating-artistic, and cultural participation because of having elements of novel technologies and experience of their usage is connected to globalization experiences. Hence, it has negative relation with national identity. But among these, awareness about globalization has positive relation with dependent variable. This result is due to type of used speeches. On the other hand, since in this study speeches of awareness about globalization seek to what extend respondents agree to this subject that Iranʹs economy and destiny tied up with other societies, so it can have positive relation to national identity.