جستاري بر فلسفه پديدار شناسي مكان؛ بررسي انديشه هاي ديويد سيمون در رابطه با مفهوم خانه به مثابه يك مكان

Investigation on Philosophy of Place Phenomenology; Analytical Exploration of David Seamonʹʹs Viewpoints about "Home" as a "Place"

در مقاله حاضر موضوع پر اهميت «خانه» ، نه صرفاً بر اساس ديدگاه هاي كالبدي مرسوم، بلكه به مثابه يك مكان، از دريچه نگاه پديدار شناسي مورد نقد و بررسي قرار گرفته است. در اين نوشتار، به طرح ديدگاه هاي پروفسور «ديويد سيمون» انديشمند مطرح قرن حاضر در حوزه پديدار شناسي مكان، پرداخته شده و ويژگي ها و نيز رويكردهاي موجود به اين حوزه فلسفي از دريچه نگاه ايشان بيان گرديده است. در ادامه، كليد واژه هاي پديدار شناسي (نظير زيست جهان، مكان ) با زبان ساده و در عين حال جامعِ «سيمون» براي استفاده در بحث پيش رو، تعريف شده است. همچنين نگاه سيمون به مقوله پر اهميت «خانه» به مثابه يك مكان، با مطرح نمودن يافته‌هاي وي در ارتباط با تجربه «حس در خانه بودن (راحتي در مكان)» تكميل گرديده و با تحليل و بررسي ابعاد پنج گانه اين تجربه پيكره اصلي اين نوشتار شكل يافته است

The present study is a review article which tries to rely on credible and related sources and use library research techniques to investigate the concept of place from a philosophical phenomenology point of view. In fact, place and placeless crisis have attracted widespread attention since the second half of the twentieth century, and among the great philosophical approaches, phenomenology has been able to help understand and create a place. In this paper, first the definition of phenomenology according to Professor David Seamon, the present century famous scholar in the field of phenomenology of place, is discussed and the features and existing approaches to this area of philosophy are investigated. Next, the key phenomenology words (like place) are defined using Seamonʹs simple and yet comprehensive language. Seamonʹs view about the important issue of "home" is supplemented with his findings in connection with the experience of At-Homeness. At-homeness creates a situation to immerse people in the world. Therefore, someone believes "home" is the most important place which belongs to the people. As he expresses, the homes can be special places, so we feel bad about leaving them; and we have gotten attached to them. For people in other times and places, at-homeness may involve other dimensions besides those explores here. For the migrant worker or the suburban house owner the specific nature of at-homeness will vary. The five dimensions of this experience (Rootedness, Appropriation, Regeneration, At-Easeness, and Warmth) are analyzed as the main discussion of this paper. For expanding the elements of at-homeness, Seamon discusses about two important topics: the Body-subject and the emotional layer of experience which he named it Feeling - Subject. Feeling - subject is a matrix of emotional intents within the person which extend outward in varying intensities to the centers, places and spaces of a person’s everyday geographical world. Feeling-subject works in two ways: it sustains positive feelings for well used centers and places, and expresses negativity when these centers and places are changed in some way. On the other hand the body is the foundation of rootedness. Bodily familiarity extends within the home, establishing places for things and temporal regularity for activities. Through the recurring cycle of departure and return, body-subject comes to know the placement of the home and its relative location in terms of paths, places, people and things. Today, in an era of mobility and mass communications, people easily transcend physical space and readily compare and switch places. At-homeness is no longer a certainty; it must be re-established each time a person moves. Many people are footloose and feel no attachment to place. At the same time, technology and mass culture destroy the uniqueness of places and promote global homogenization. The result is the placelessness of which Relph (1976) speaks. The article has tried to look at and to analyze the simple and clear views of David Seamon, as an expert in the field of philosophical notions of place phenomenology, in order to use this philosophical approach in scientific and professional urban studies.