طراحي فضاي شهري به منظور ارتقا تعاملات اجتماعي

Urban Design in the context of Social Interaction Enhancement

در اين پژوهش شناخت روش هاي تقويت تعاملات اجتماعي در فضاهاي باز عمومي شهر، به ويژه خيابان ها مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. خيابان هايي كه ساكنان محلات را براي گذران اوقات فراغت و يا رفع نياز هاي روزمره دعوت نموده و به مرور زمان محدوده اي از مسير براي آن ها به ميعادگاهي جهت ديدارها تبديل مي گردد.لذا در ابتدا سعي شده مولفه هاي تاثيرگذار بر حضور پذيري در فضاي شهري به ويژه خيابان با عملكرد بين محله اي ، تدقيق و شناسايي و پس از آن با بررسي متون و نظريات نظريه پردازان به رابطه بين فضاي شهري و تعاملات اجتماعي و تاثيري كه كاركرد و كالبد فضا بر ميزان مكث و شكل گيري تعاملات مردم دارد، پرداخته و در نهايت با استفاده از شيوه تحليلي، براساس شاخص ها ي تاثيرگذار، راهنماي طراحي شهري يك بلوار محلي به منظور جذب ساكنان محله جهت ارتقا تعاملات اجتماعي پيشنهاد گرديد.

Social Interaction is one of the basic and essential needs of human being that significantly affects the social and individual health. Sociologist and psychologist have always emphasized its formation and continuity. This subject has always been considered in the field of Architecture and Urban Design as an important aim in creating new urban spaces. The research seeks to enhance social interactions in public urban spaces particularly streets. Once a street is inviting and appointed with what residents may need, residents go into it to meet their needs or for their leisure time. In this way people find the chance to meet each other and start to socialize. Over time, one point of their way will become the Meeting Place. Presence in this type of places will increase fixation morality of cooperation. Residents voluntarily go to a place that meets their needs. Residents are looking for comfort and social interactions in Urban Spaces. Designing urban spaces as a connection between urban neighborhoods should be helpful in the context of social interactions. Correct way of design and prediction of dynamic activities can lead to implementation of more attractive place. Social sustainability of an area is a situation that residents of that local area are satisfied with living there with their neighbors. The main purpose of this paper is to define and recognize the affect of urban amenities and constituent qualitative components of urban streets at neighborhood scale in the extent of social indecision and sustainable civil relations. Therefore this present study is categorized in the analytical and exploratory researches which carried out on streets of Tehran concentrating on the social interactions and qualitative characteristics of urban streets. In this research it is initially tried to identify effective components of how an Urban Space is being inviting, particularly urban streets with better accessibility among urban neighborhoods presenting characteristics of Urban Environment. Also the impact of an urban space fabric and functions on the formation of social interactions is considered. These mentioned parameters were noted in the literature studies and theories of theoreticians like Whyte, Gehl, Carr, Lennard, Porta, S, Renne, J and Naghizadeh. Finally after introducing socialization of Urban Spaces in Iran, an interlocal boulevard is designed to attract residents to communicate and have social interactions using an analytical method with developed theoretical framework model. This model introduced effective factors of designing more healthy Urban Spaces. According to results obtained from the theoretical framework and field observations this fact is concluded that lack of attention to Urban Fabric, activities and its current function appropriateness to Urban Fabric characteristics in access roads, can be the main reason in reducing qualitative aspects of attraction in urban spaces and formation of the social interactions. It is also undeniable that presence of residents in particular places is an effective factor to attract and invite other people. Various fields of activities must be located in appropriate location in urban places. Locating different uses in a correct way that provides people presence in various times of day and night.