قلمروپايي در سكونتگاه‌هاي دانشجويي

Territoriality in Students’ Residence Halls Case Study: Fatemieh Girls’ Dormitory of Tehran University

ايجاد قلمرو نقشي اساسي در كيفيت زندگي در سكونتگاه‌هاي دانشجويي دارد. اين مقاله به بررسي قلمروپايي در سكونتگاه دانشجويي و تاثير معماري بر تامين نيازهاي رواني دانشجويان پرداخته است. از آن‌جا كه در روانشناسي محيطي مفاهيم ازدحام و تراكم، شخصي سازي، خلوت و قلمرو ارتباط معنايي عميقي دارند، به آن‌ها پرداخته شده است. براي بررسي دقيق‌تر موضوع و مشاهده‌ي عملكردي قلمروپايي، سكونتگاه فاطميه كوي دانشگاه تهران، يكي از بزرگترين سكونتگاه‌هاي دختران در خاورميانه، به عنوان نمونه‌ي موردي انتخاب شد. به منظور دستيابي به پژوهش، به نقش قلمروپايي در دو مقياس خرد يا فضاي شخصي (درون اتاق) و مقياس مياني كه فضاي عمومي‌ شامل مجوعه‌اي از اتاق‌ها به همراه فضاهاي نيمه عمومي مي‌شود، صورت پذيرفته است. در هر مقياس با بررسي وضعيت موجود جامعه‌ي آماري و ميزان رضايت دانشجويان، مشكلات اين سكونتگاه از ديدگاه روانشناسي محيطي واكاوي شده و پيشنهادهايي كاربردي براي طراحي سكونتگاه‌هاي دانشجويي در مقياس‌هاي مختلف ارايه شده است.

Sleeping is just 30%-40% of all aspects in student’s life. So it is better to use “residence hall” instead of “dormitory”, as we use in this article. There isn’t any similar researches done on this topic in Iran and it is hoped that this could be a start for future researches so that architects pay enough attention before they design a place, especially places that are used by human for long hours of day like house of students. Each student lives 2-5 years in residence hall, and this is not a short time to tolerate crowding and poor quality of life. Almost all students are not satisfied with their residence halls. Territoriality has a basic role in quality of life of students in residence halls. This article studies territoriality in residence halls and the effect of architecture on supplying student’s needs. Since density, crowding, personalization, privacy and territory have deep semantic relation; all these concepts are involved in this article. To limit the studies and do the research more accurate with functional meanings, Fatemieh dormitory, the main girls’ dormitory of Tehran University has been chosen as a case study. It is one of the greatest and most important girls’ residence halls in the Middle East. It has five similar blocks occupied by 2500 students. There are 452 northern or southern rooms and in each room four or five students live. Methods used in this research were questionnaire, interview and observation. The questionnaire was distributed among bachelor and master students and included multi optional and open ended questions to cover almost every opinions and comments student had in their minds. It should be noted that one of the authors had been living in Fatemieh’s dormitory for three years and many conclusions has been achieved by her observations. We did the research in three different levels. These levels are defined as Small (room as a primary territory), Medium (secondary territory: group of rooms and its related places such as kitchen, lavatories, etc.) and Large (group of blocks organize a residence hall that includes public spaces such as shops, gym, library etc.). We focused on two first levels and eliminated the large level, because the substances we consider, are more obvious and Ascertainable in smaller levels and lose their significance in larger levels. In each level, we achieved practical results in designing students’ residence, according to the existing situation and students’ satisfaction rate in levels mentioned above and also analysis of similar foreign researches. Some bad factors in this case study were recognized that cause dissatisfaction among students: - Double loaded corridor; - Crowding; - Four-students room; - Public bathrooms; - Inappropriate arrangements of rooms and semipublic spaces; - Not segregated private and semiprivate territories; and - Unclear boundaries between residents of a room. It is neither difficult nor expensive to assign a suitable system for students’ residence. It just needs environmental psychological knowledge for architects so that they make effort to design a place that has more resemblance to student’s home.