پديد آورندگان :
كرم، امير نويسنده دانشگاه تربيت معلم تهران , , قلي زاده، آيلا نويسنده كارشناسي ارشد جغرافياي طبيعي، دانشگاه پيام نورمركزماكو , , آقاعليخاني ، مرضيه نويسنده دانشجوي دكتري ژيومورفولوژي، دانشگاه خوارزمي , , افشارمنش، حميده نويسنده دانشجوي دكتري ژيومورفولوژي، دانشگاه خوارزمي ,
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
Maku, in West Azarbaijan, is Located in The Most Northwestern Part Of Fron Bearing the Following Geographical Features: The Eastern Longitude Between 44°and 17ʹ and, 44° and 52°-the Northern Altitude Between 39° and 8ʹ, and 39°and 46ʹ. Due to Owning Certain characteristics such as Mountain Topography, Special Climate, Being Located in on area Susceptible to Earthquake, Geology and Geomorphology, it is one of the Most Regions for the Occurance of Lowers Slope Movements, Especially Falls. In Recent Years, the Movments have Brought About great Money and Life Losses in Cities, Villages, and Human Establishments. The Great Shake in Pareh Khodik Village in Maku in 1969, May, Fall of Huge Rocks from the Mountainous Part of Maku in 2009 Followed by Shower of Falls, also the Fall of great stones as a result of snow melting and looseness of underlying structures in 1994 are some cases worth mentioning. This study to identify the levels with higher risk at domain movements in addition to Application of each model used in Zonation the width of Domain movements using fuzzy and topsis models.
Study area in the city of Maku, West Azarbaijan of functions is the highest point in the North West of the country. The region has an area of 4182 km and a height of 400-4500 meters, located near areas.
Methodology
a)Data and Applied Layers
In order to prepare the layers needed, the topographical and geological maps, and satellite –transmitted pictures (ETM4), the date at weather stations of maragheh, Tabriz, jolfa, khoy, maku and urmia were collected.In addition to the above mentioned data, field observations such as sampling locations and talking pictures of 36 cases of foothill movement in the region , the map of which is prepared in order to do the final evaluation af the models.
Fuzzy Model:
In order to apply this model for each used layer, the membership functions of foothill movements were determined according to the types of relationship and their influences. Having determined the membership of the layers, the model was applied using addition, multiplication functions in algebra Gamma, and the final map was prepared using (Gamma= 0.5, 0.7, 0.9)respectively).
Topsis Model:
In order to Zonation the width of Domain movements, using Topsis model, first the relation ships between all parameters were determined and then the cordinant matrix without any dimension waswritten for them ,finally the distance between each parameter and positive and negative ideal one was extracted to prepare the final map.
Having prepared the width Zonation map for the area more susceptible for Domainl movements by applying these models ,they were evaluated by using data gained by field observations and at the end the most influencial width on the movement of Domain were determined by the most appropriate map.
Results and Discussion
Using data of layers, slope, height, geology, land forms, distance from fault, distance from roods, distance from river, temperature differences, Glacial, Precipitation the width Zonation map for potential Domain movements was prepared using fuzzy model, the width partitioning map was prepared by Gamma function equals 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 respectively. Finally ,all maps were classified at 5 level according to natural breaks model and the levels with the greatest, great, average, little and the least amount of risk were identified. In order to evaluate the models, the data gathered through field observations and the final maps.
Conclusion
According to the findings based on the analysis of the models, 4 maps were prepared for Zoning of the width of the Domains more susceptible for movements. The Overlapped of the final maps of topsis model with field observations show that in this model, the layers with the greates amount of risk covered a greater area . There fore, this model lacks the essencial accurancy to investigate the width zoning of Domainl movements in this area. According to samples in highly potential area and the distribution of all samples with Gamma .9 at levels with the greatest , and great risk levels in this model ar the most appropriate ones to partition the width of the risky foothill movements in the region.
