تاثير عوامل ژيومورفولوژيكي و اقليمي (ژيومورفوكليمايي) زاگرس جنوبي در منطقه شمال تنگه هرمز بر دفاع غير عامل (با تاكيد بر مكان‎يابي مراكز حساس و مهم)

Geomorphological and Climatic Factors of South Zagros in the Northern Area of Hormuz Strait on Passive Defense (in Reliance with Site- Impacts; Selection of Critical and Vital Centers)

اين پژوهش به بررسي چگونگي ارتباط و پيوند ميان عوامل ژيومورفولوژي و پدافند غير عامل با تاكيد بر مكان‎يابي مطلوب مراكز حساس و مهم در منطقه شمال تنگه هرمز در بخش زاگرس جنوبي مي‎پردازد. ابزارهاي پژوهش را نقشه‎هاي توپوگرافي، زمين‎شناسي و تصاوير ماهواره‎اي منطقه تشكيل داده است. همچنين با ارايه و تنظيم پرسشنامه ها و مصاحبه با افراد كارشناس، به شناسايي عوامل موثر در مكان‎يابي مراكز حساس و مهم با تاكيد بر پدافند غير عامل پرداخته شد و درنهايت مناسب‎ترين محل براي مكان‎گزيني مراكز حساس و مهم با استفاده از روش سلسله‎مراتبي AHP تعيين شد و در محيط نرم‎افزار Arc GIS نقشه‎اي را به‎دست آورديم كه مناطق مناسب براي احداث مراكز حساس و مهم در آن مشخص شده‎اند. نتايج نشان مي‎دهد كه مناطق غربي منطقه مورد مطالعه براي مكان‎يابي شرايط مناسب‎تري را نسبت به مناطق شرقي دارند. همچنين با توجه به نقشه نهايي كه بر اساس عوامل ژيومورفولوژيكي در محيط GIS تهيه شده است، مساحت پهنه‎هاي مطلوب براي مكان‎گزيني مراكز حساس و مهم در بخش شمالي، نسبت به مناطق جنوبي بيشتر است. به‎گفته ديگر ويژگي‎هاي ژيومورفولوژيكي منطقه در بخش شمالي و غربي، به‎گونه اي است كه اين مناطق از شرايط مطلوب‎تري نسبت به مناطق جنوبي و شرقي براي انتخاب مكان بهينه مراكز حساس و مهم برخوردار هستند.

Introduction Geomorphological factors play a key part in the adoption of efficient plans for the site-selection concerned to passive defense in linkage with countering natural threats as well as the man-made (military) intimidations. Such factors sometimes act as a positive temporal element and sometimes as a negative deterrent. In the meantime, the present study aims to review the relation between geomorphological factors and passive defense in reliance with the favorable site-selection of critical and vital centers in the northern area of Hormuz strait in such a way to finally select the utmost favorable site of such centers in the mentioned area by means of AHP. Methodology The data of the studied area include topographic maps with the scale of 1:250000 and 1:50000 and also geological maps with the scale of 1:100000 which have been set as reference and digitalized in Geographic Information System (ArcGig 9.3). In the same vein, this study first plans the digital altitude layer (DEM) and attains the elevation dispersion and then slope-slope orientations through this layer. Then, it prepares topographic maps and determines the distance from rivers and from urban areas as well as road lines in the mentioned area and next, examines the geological maps, and layer of constructive contexts and faults. Meanwhile, this study obtains necessary information on weather stations, temperature, rainfall, wind and humidity of the area; in the final stage, it reviews the relation between geomorphological factors and passive defense in reliance with the favorably site-selection of critical and vital centers in the northern area of Hormuz strait and determines the utmost favorable site for the centers in the mentioned area by AHP. In this method, after the preparation of the required layers, the study exploits questionnaire and interview to measure the estimated value of effective factors in site-selection. Results and Discussion The analysis of the ground context in the said area suggests that the ground especially in south and coastal parts has been mainly made up of unsteady sediments. These sediments highly decrease the devastations of nuke and other explosion and hinder military movements. Furthermore, the military power of forces in displacement and engagement with enemy entails the study of land slope. The steep slope limits the inflexibility and mobility strength of forces and vehicles and hinders their advance. In contrast, the north-east, center and south-west parts of the area enjoy the furthest dispersion of favorable conditions. Rivers, in the next defensive sequence after altitudes, could obtain suitable conditions for defense. The physical features of rivers which reinforce the defensive power include width, depth and speed-volume of water. The close proximity of critical and vital centers to the road lines consolidates the access of invasive forces to such points and aggravates the vulnerability of such centers in the face of strikes. As a result, the high proximity to road lines in site-selection of critical and vital centers should be prohibited. In summer, due to the high temperature in southern part and by contrast in winter, given the low temperature in north, temperature features have positive impacts on passive defense. Meanwhile, the impact of relative humidity on passive defense in the southern part of the mentioned area is further than that in the northern part. Conclusion The impact of geomorphological phenomena on military operation causes changes in the design of military equipments especially in tanks, vehicles and artilleries. In an area selected for operation, the type of soil and rocks, the depth of divisionary elements for digging puppets, resistance of stones, profile of skirts, slopes, the position of area in terms of natural hazards, the altitudes overlooking the area, the dominant erosion, the humidity of soil and reaction of the constituting materials to humidity, etc, have to be considered. Needless to say, all managerial plans are possible in case the related topography is exactly conducted and the position of both hostile and friendly forces is recognized by means of land forms in the operation scene, and the necessary plans should be adopted. By and large, given the width-division conducted upon AHP, it could be said that the conditions for the site-selection of vital and critical centers is more favorable from south to north and from east to west due to the geographical (mainly geomorphological) conditions of the mentioned area.