«ديدگاه عرفاني ابن فارض»

Mystical Attitude of IbnFarez

از تفاوت هاي اساسي ميان انسان وساير موجودات از جمله فرشتگان اين است كه انديشه ورزي و احساسات او همواره داراي تحوّل و بالندگي است؛ به گونه اي كه اين بعد اساسي از شخصيت او حتي به معتقدات دينيش هم سرايت مي كند؛ واز اين بابت است كه مي بينيم شيوه عبادت اين آفريده كه فلسفه آن از سوي آفريدگار در يك جمله خلاصه شده است«وما خلقتُ الجنَ والانسَ الا ليعبدون»(الذاريات:56) هم دچار تحوّل شكلي و حتي ماهوي مي‌شود، وضمن حفظ جوهر خود كه بندگي خداوند باشد، چنان معقد وپيچ در پيچ مي شود كه بايستي از جنسِ اين آفريده مكلّفِ به عبادت در شكل هاي مختلف زندگي، انسان‌هاي ديگري بيايند و دست به تحقيق بزنند تا زواياي شيوه پرستش و سير و سلوك او را روشن كنند. ابن الفارض در دوراني مي زيسته است كه عبادت برخي از مومنان از شكل ساده خود عبور كرده و به مرحله زهد وانقطاع الي الله در قرن اول سپس به سير وسلوك در آغاز قرن دوم و بعد از آن به پديده فنا و حلول و اتحاد در اواخر اين قرن ونيز قرن سوم وبالاخره به وحدت وجود يا شهود و مفاهيم غامض آن در قرن هفتم رسيده است. اين پژوهش در صدد بررسي و تحليل ديدگاه عرفاني ايشان است

One of the major differences between human being and other creatures including angels is that his mentality and emotions are always evolving and growing in a sense that the essential aspect of character will penetrate into his religious beliefs. Accordingly, his way of praying whose philosophy is summarized in the verse of the Koran as “We created Jinni and other spirits to be praying” has also undergone a revolution in the form and content. In addition to keeping its essence which is worshiping God it is spiraled and engaged so much that through this kind of creature obliged to pray in different forms of life other creatures should find out and make a research on various aspects of different means of praying and spiritual journeys. Now we would like to recognize the means of spiritual journey and internal ways of praying by the Egyptian IbnFarez. He lived in an era that the praying of some devotees had exceeded the normal situation and turned into abstinence and wayward to God during the first century, then to spiritual journey at the outset of the second century, after which by the late third century toward a phenomenon of fatality and revelation and unity, and eventually to the monism or intuition and hidden concepts of that in the seventh century. Therefore, it is endeavored to study and analyze the mystical view of his. After the introduction on training Sufis and the available expressions used in that era, there will be some explanation on his mystical concepts and then the nature of his love and the procedures. In the end, the comments of some researchers on the nature of unity and his views on revelation and monism will be dealt with. Key words: IbnFarez; mysticism; love; epistemology; revelation; unity; monism.