ادله قرآني ممنوعيت قضاوت زن از ديدگاه مذاهب خمسه و نقد آن

The Quranic Evidences (Proofs) over the Ban on Women’s Judgeship from the View Point of the Five Schools of Islamic Thoughts

راي مشهور فقيهان اماميه و اهل سنت در مورد قضاوت زن منفي است. فريقين در ممنوعيت قضاوت زن به ادله مختلفي استناد كرده‌اند. تمركز بر هر يك از ادله در اين موضوع مي‌تواند به نحو مطلوب‌تري زواياي پنهان بحث را آشكار سازد. بدين منظور سعي شد تنها آيات قرآن كريم كه از ادله استنادي قول رايج به حساب مي‌آيد به گونه‌اي مورد توجه و بازنگري قرار گيرد كه پژوهش حاضر را از تكراري بودن خارج و نكاتي جديد را مطرح سازد. بازنگري آيات مورد استناد حاكي از اين است كه برداشت‌هاي رايج با كاستي‌هاي قابل توجهي در مقام استدلال مواجه است. از اين آيات استفاده مي‌شود كه رجوليت، شرط نفوذ قضاوت نيست. بنابراين، قضاوت زن مشروع و نافذ است

Assistant professor at University of Religions and Denomination The common jurisprudential opinion of Imami and Sunni Muslims over the women’s judging is negative (disallowed). The both schools (Shia and Sunni) have established evidences about the ban of women’s judgeship. Focusing on every of these proofs in this matter can reveal the dark angles conceivably. For this purpose, the note tries to consider and restudy only the Quran verses which are counted as the supporting of the common opinion and has made (caused) the present paper exclude from being repetitive task and declare new points. Reviewing of the Quran verses which the arguments are based reveals that the current results (fruits) confront considerable insufficiencies (inadequacies) in reasoning. The Quran verses shows (proves) that manhood is not the clause of effectiveness of judging. Therefore the judging of women is legal and valid and effective. Key words: Women’s judgeship, Women’s judging, The Quranic evidences, The condition of being man, The condition of manhood.