مقام زن در شعر ابوالقاسم لاهوتي ايرج ميرزا و عارف قزويني

The Analysis and Study of Woman’s Position in the Poetry of Lahooti, Iraj Mirza and Arefe GHazvini

برخي از شاعران در دوره مشروطه عمدتاً به دليل بي بهره بودن از درك عميقِ مباني آموزه هاي اسلام و تنها با تكيه بر دريافتهاي خود از ظواهر قوانين شرع و با تاثير پذيري از تحوّلات اجتماعي و فرهنگي نو ظهور و بي سابقه زمان؛ مانند رواج نگرش غرب گرايانه به زن موضوعاتي را از قبيل حقوق و آزادي زنان، انتقاد از حجاب و مخالفت با ازدواج دختران در سنين نوجواني، در شعر خود مطرح كردند و در اين راه تا مرز عناد و ستيزهجويي با آموزه هاي ديني پيش رفتند. ايرج ميرزا، عارف قزويني و ابوالقاسم لاهوتي از جمله اين شعرا هستند. در اين جستار، با نگرشي توصيفي- تحليلي به بررسي و مقايسه تجلّي اين موضوع در شعر اين سه شاعر پرداخته مي شود. بر اساس نتايج اين پژوهش، هر چند ديدگاههاي اين سه تن، نسبت به زنان و مسايل مربوط به آنها، به دلايلي چون؛ قلّت بضاعت علمي، تاثر از نگرش يك بعدي اومانيستي و مرعوبيت در برابر فرهنگ غربي، با نگرشي انتقادي به فرهنگ بومي و پشتوانه هاي مذهبي آن، همراه است؛ امّا مواضع آنها در اين خصوص، بدليل تفاوت عوامل تاثير گذار فردي؛ چون شخصيت، نگرشِ فلسفي و محيط زندگي،تا حدّي بايكديگر تفاوت دارد.

Woman, in the poetry of pre-constitution (Mashrote) era was seen through by an amatory and sentimental view. However political, social, and cultural changes occurred in Constitution, especially thematic changes in throughout intellectual and social domains and as an example in literature, brought about fundamental changes in attitudes towards subjects such as femininity in Iranian society. Some poets of the era, regardless of pure Islamic principles, relied only on their conception of outward aspect of divine law, and influenced by new and unprecedented social and cultural changes like prevalence of western attitude towards woman-that was contrary to correct religious and traditional thoughts- posed in their poems, subjects such as defending rights and liberty of women, criticizing hijab, and objecting to marriage of girls in teen ages. Following such an approach, these poets were on the edge of conflict and fight with religious teachings. Iraj Mirza, Arefe Ghazvini, and Abolghasem Lahooti were the examples of such poets. Through this study, researcher used a descriptive-analytic approach to consider the subject in poems of these three poets. Attitudes of these three poets towards women and their issues, according to the results of this research, involved in having a critical view on native culture and religious customs of society which is caused by factors such as: having almost the same intellectual source, being influenced by western one-dimensional humanistic view, and being scared off by western culture.