باغ ايراني بر بنياد شاهنامه فردوسي

Persian Garden on the Basis of Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh

در بسياري از داستان‌هاي شاهنامه فردوسي از باغ،كاخ، شهر، ايوان و شارسان‌ ياد شده كه سيماي نخستين آنها در گذر زمان و دوران چندهزارساله دگرگوني‌هايي را پذيرفته است. اين عناصر از محتوا و مفهوم نخستين خود به دلايل و عواملي كه پرداختن به آن در مجال اين گفتار نيست فاصله گرفته يا با حفظ پاره‌اي از جزييات معناي عملكردي و مفهومي آن رنگ باخته، ولي هنوز نشانه‌هايي از جلوه‌هاي نخستين آن برجاست. به مدد پاره‌اي از گزارشات در تاريخ باستان و ادبيات ايراني مي‌توان چهره‌اي از مفهوم شهر يا باغ را در ايران در دوران آغازين پيدايش آن در ذهن ترسيم كرد. در اين جستار با اشاره‌اي به چند گواه از اين دست براي روشن‌كردن بهر كوچكي از آن پرداخته مي‌شود. يكي از منابع اصيل ايراني كه مي‌توان از آن به پيدايش باغ و چهره نخستين يا نزديك به آن دست پيدا كرد، گفتارهاي حكيم فردوسي در شاهنامه اوست. هرچند در اين نامه نامور پاره‌اي از رويدادها با جزييات تمام گفته شده و خواننده خود را ميان كارزار مي‌بيند، در بسياري از جاي‌ها دوران‌ درازي را كوتاه و يا در پوششي نهان داشته كه بر پژوهندگان است، آن را از نهفت بيرون آورند و آشكار سازند. چه بسا گفتار فرزانه توس روشن است و سينه سينا مي‌خواهد.

In many stories of Shahnameh, a garden and a porch of the palace and the city is mostly mentioned which have undergone multiple changes in their shape during thousand years of time. They have also distanced from their premier content and meanings due to multiple causes and factors that are not in the scope of this article, or they have maintained some details while functional and conceptual meanings have been faded. However, the signs of their early effects have still remained owing to some reports of Iran ancient history and Iranian literature that can reveal a perceivable face of the city or the garden in Iran in their early years of emersion. In this essay with a reference to some proves of this kind, the issue will be clarified. One of the original Iranian resources in which the premier shape of garden can be perceived is the words anecdote in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh. Although a part of event with all the details are mentioned in this writing and the reader ultimately finds himself within the battlefield, many times a long period of time has been concealed and the scholars have to reveal their mysteries since Ferdowsi is clear in uttering. Having scrutinized the Shahnameh, it is obvious that a barrier could keep other buildings such as gardens safe from enemies. It is a type of wall that surrounded gardens and today it is considered one of garden elements and one of city elements earlier. In the two stories of Gang Dej and Siavash Gard, considering Ferdowsi’s narrations, it is clear that these two places which have been constructed by Siavash were gardens where water flowed and other buildings such as bathroom, palace and quarters and squares were included in this castle. It was named a garden city due to prevailing garden features in the city. Moreover, through the descriptions of Ferdowsi, mentioned urban are elements of Persian gardens which refer to and gardening style. All the evidences indicate that the city can be described as the equivalent of Garden City or Persian Garden in the Shahnameh