بررسي مقايسه اي حسينيه هاي دوره قاجار در مازندران و اصفهان

A Comparative Study of Hoseiniyeh Religious Centers in Mazandaran and Isfahan Provinces at Qajar Era

شكل گيري كالبد معماري هر بنا متاثّر از عوامل بسياري است كه شناخت اين عوامل ما را در دست يابي به الگويي براي طرّاحي معماري و نيز خلق فضايي با كيفيّت بيش تر ياري خواهد كرد. هدف از بررسي مقايسه?اي حسينيه هاي دو استان مازندران و اصفهان دست يابي به پاسخ اين پرسش است كه مهم ترين عوامل شكل دهنده الگوي معماري حسينيه هاي قاجاري در اين دو استان كدامند؟ چرا و چگونه است كه كالبدي متفاوت از بناهاي هم عصر و با كاركردي يكسان مشاهده مي شود؟ روش تحقيق در اين پژوهش توصيفي و تحليلي است و داده ها از طريق مطالعات ميداني و كتابخانه اي جمع آوري شده اند. بدين صورت كه پس از برداشت پلان و جمع آوري ساير اطلاعات از حسينيه ها با مطالعه منابع كتابخانه اي نقش عوامل تاثيرگذار بر شكل گيري حسينيه ها مشخص گرديد. سپس با تجزيه و تحليل ميزان تاثير عوامل مختلف، مهم ترين شاخص تاثيرگذار بر شكل دهي كالبد معماري حسينيه ها معرفي گرديد. در اين تحقيق پس از مطالعه و بررسي ويژگي هاي هر يك از حسينيه ها و دست يابي به كليّتي در اين باره علل تفاوت ها بررسي شده است. فرض اوليه تحقيق بر اين بنا استوار بود كه اقليم تنها و مهم ترين عامل تاثيرگذار بر الگوي معماري اين تكاياست. به منظور آزمون فرضيّه با بررسي تعدادي از مهم ترين عوامل تاثيرگذار بر كالبد هر بناي معماري از جمله ويژگي هاي اقليمي، فرهنگ و آداب و رسوم منطقه، تاثير سبك حاكم بر دوره و نيز تحليل بازخورد اين عوامل در معماري تكاياي مورد نظر اين نتيجه به دست آمد كه تفاوت عمده اين حسينيه ها بيش از هر عامل ديگري متاثر از عوامل اقليمي است و سبك حاكم، عوامل فرهنگي و ديگر عوامل تاثيرگذار اگر چه بي تاثير نبوده اند، نسبت به اقليم تاثير كمتري دارند.

Formation of an architectural physical body is under the influence of many factors and knowing these factors would help us achieve a pattern for an architectural design and also to design a space with a better quality. The purpose of comparative study of Hoseiniyeh religious centers in Mazandaran and Isfahan provinces is to respond to this question that “what are the most important factors in formation of the architectural pattern in Hoseiniyeh Religious Centers at Qajar period in these two provinces? How and why a different physical body is observed in the units of the same age and with a similar function? The research methodology of this article is descriptive and analytical method, and data has been collected through field survey and library review. After taking the plan and collecting other data about Hoseiniyeh Religious Centers and through library review, the role of factors affecting the formation of Hoseiniyeh Religious Centers was specified. Then analyzing the rate of impact of different factors, the most important effective index on the formation of architectural physical body of Hoseiniyeh Religious Centers was introduced. In this research, after studying the characteristics of each of the Hoseiniyeh Religious Centers and having a general idea about it, the causes of these differences have been studied. The primary hypothesis of this article was on this basis that climate is the only and the most important factor influencing in the architectural pattern of Hoseiniyeh Religious Centers. For examining this hypothesis, having studied some of the factors affecting the physical body of each architectural units including climatic features, culture customs and tradition of the region , the impact of the prevailing architectural style of the era and also the feedback analysis of these factors in the architecture of concerned religious centers, it was concluded that the main differences of these Hoseiniyeh Religious Centers are under the influence of climatic factors as compared with any other factors and the ruling architectural style, cultural factors and other affecting factors , though they have been influential , but they have less effect in comparison with climate.