آيين‏هاي تهيه در راديو تهران

Rtuails of Producing in the Radio

در سال‏هاي اخير توجه مردم‏شناسان بيش از گذشته به پديده رسانه‏ها و دنياي آنها جلب شده است، از اين رو، بررسي آن مي‏تواند از مرحله مردم‏شناسي تا مردم‏نگاري رسانه، راديو، با مطالعات ميداني امكان‏پذير شود. تحقيق حاضر نيز به حوزه مطالعات رسانه‏اي و به طور خاص، به بررسي مردم‏نگارانه آيين‏هاي تهيه در راديو تهرانمي‏پردازد كه تداوم هويت فرهنگي ايراني است كه مي‏تواند به نظريه‏پردازي بومي درباره سازمان رسانه‏اي راديو، از طريق دستمايه قراردادن يك گروه اجتماعي(تهيه‏كننده‏ها)، رند، براي تفسير يك پديده فرهنگ سازماني، به شناسنامه فرهنگي ايران دست يابد. در اين خصوص سعي شده است كه گردآوري آيين‏هاي تهيه‏كننده‏هاي راديويي از طريق مطالعه كيفي، مردم‏نگارانه، تهيه‏كنندگان و عوامل برنامه‏ساز انجام و آيين‏هاي مدنظر مكتوب و جمع‏آوري شود.

Producing is the most important profession in Radio. Choosing and acceptance as well as programm making of the Radio producer are based on rituals and unwritten rules that are formed during the time. These rules are not taught formally, however, they are actually governed by force and un-disrespectability. These rules appeared in the form of production rituals, have much power; they recognize the border between producers and no producers. Those who offend against these rituals, they are discarded from producer groups; and accepting among producer groups depends on learning, fidelity and loyalty to these rituals. Values, characteristics, unwritten rules, relation with program making team, and programming with the special view of the producers are taken in to account as different aspects of producing rituals. The main question of this research is to determine rituals of the Radio producers and radio producing processes. This is a qualitative study performed using ethnography method for collecting the necessary data to recognizing and interpretation of the meanings in the rituals of the producing. Collecting instruments for research findings are observation, cooperative observation, and interview, and also the 8-year professional activity experiences of the researcherʹs as a producer are applied. Characteristics and different kinds of producers, types of program making, the relation between producer and programmers, terms, current rules and values among producers, the way of employment in Tehran Radio, the necessary skills in producing and acceptance or discard of producers are among rituals and activities as well as ritual symbols related to the producers of Tehran Radio. Production rituals are divided into four categories: general, preproduction, on the production and postproduction. In this study, it has been tried to establish a relation between rituals and symbolic actions in the Iranian cultural field in order to understand the meaning of the rituals. "Rend(profligate)" is an intensive symbol in the Iranian culture provided a permanent cultural model for consciously interaction with the power, during the centuries. We have tried to make an interpretation from the meaning of producer and producing through this meaning.