مدل تحليلي تراكم ساختماني پايدار مورد‌پژوهي: منطقه يك شهر اروميه (محدوده خيابان دانشكده)

Analytical Model of Sustainable Building Density Case study: Urmia, District 1, (Daneshkadeh Street)

امروزه دستيابي به توسعه پايدار و تراكم ساختماني مناسب و پايدار در سطح شهرها به منظور ارتقاي كيفيت زندگي و بهبود محيط زيست شهري از ضرورت‌هاي توسعه شهري محسوب مي‌شود. توسعه روزافزون جمعيت شهرنشين، محدوديت منابع و لزوم بهره‌وري عقلايي از امكانات موجود، اهميت توجه به مقوله تراكم در شهرها را دو‌چندان مي‌نمايد. زيرا تعيين تراكم جمعيتي و ساختماني از مهمترين ابزارهاي شهرسازي در راستاي تعادل‌بخشي و ايجاد نظم در سيستم‌هاي پيچيده شهري است. شناسايي مولفه‌ها و عوامل موثر بر تراكم ساختماني از ابعاد مختلف و كندوكاو در ارتباط متقابل اين مولفه‌ها با معيارهاي توسعه پايدار شهري به منظور تدوين مدل تحليلي تراكم ساختماني پايدار و آزمون آن در محدوده مورد مطالعه از اهداف اصلي تحقيق حاضر بوده است. روش تحقيق در اين مطالعه تحليلي- ارزيابي بوده و جهت تحليل داده‌ها نيز از تكنيك‌هاي سوات و تحليل عاملي استفاده شده است. ارزيابي‌ها و نتايج تحليل حاكي از آن است كه با توجه به متوسط كل تراكم ساختماني پايدار پيش‌بيني شده، قابليت افزايش تراكم ساختماني در محدوده وجود دارد، ولي نكته مهم و قابل توجه توزيع مناسب تراكم ساختماني در سطح محدوده با در نظر گرفتن مشخصات بخش‌هاي مختلف منطقه است. همچنين نتايج تحليل‌ها از همبستگي و تاثيرپذيري بالاي تراكم ساختماني پايدار با مولفه‌هاي اقتصادي و كالبدي حكايت مي‌كنند.

Today, achieving sustainable development and appropriate and optimal building density in cities is necessary for urban development in order for improving the quality of life, boosting urban environment, fair usage of urban services and preventing from different problems. Increasing urban population, limitation of resources and necessity of rational usage of current amenities highlight the importance of attention to density in cities, because building and population densities determination are among the most important planning measures to equilibrate and create order in complex urban systems. The main goals of this study include recognition measures and effective factors on building density in terms of different economic, social, environmental and physical aspects, studying the interconnection between them and sustainable urban development measures in order to determine the analytical model for sustainable building density and examining it for District 1, Urmia. To obtain these goals, analytical method of study has been used and required information has been collected by library-based study and survey, where 1071 residential and 250 non-residential buildings have been studied using statistical method. Factor Analysis and SWOT techniques have been used to analyze the data. Factor Analysis helps with discovering underlying relations between indicators and determination of their correlation and weighting them based on importance, and analyzing data by SWOT technique makes it possible to apply the results of Factor Analysis in the case study. The results of both of these techniques made the determination of appropriate range of building density possible per each block. Evaluating and analyzing results show that the average of the total predicted building density for the case study in Urmia is more than the current building density, and it is possible to increase building density in this district. However, it should be noticed that appropriate building density distribution in the district should be achieved by considering the characteristics of the different blocks, because currently, disproportioned increase of building density and neglecting sustainable development principles causes inhomogeneous building densities. In addition, the results of factor analysis show the correlation and effectiveness of optimal building density with physical and economic indicators. On the other hand, the study results show that the problems in the district regarding unsustainable building density include ignoring environmental characteristics, inappropriate population and family distributions, high building density centralization in some areas, violating the neighbors’ rights, lack of green space, inattention to neighboring, ignoring cultural and residential aspects and finally violating physical rules and regulations.