پديد آورندگان :
ضيا شهابي، نوشين نويسنده كارشناس ارشد معماري داخلي , , ايماني، ناديه نويسنده استاديار گروه معماري ,
كليدواژه :
ارزش و اصالت بنا , باززنده‌سازي , تغيير شكل زندگي , معماري , معماري داخلي
چكيده فارسي :
به حكم آنكه حفاظت و باززنده‌سازي بناهاي تاريخي مستلزم ايجاد دگرگوني در بخش‌هاي مختلف درون و برون بنا است، تغيير در فضاي داخلي آن را در پي خواهد داشت. از اين‌رو فهم نقش معماري داخلي در تغيير كاربري بناهاي تاريخي و نسبت آن با معماري از نظر ميزان مداخله در بنا مسيله‌اي است درخورِ تامل. جايگاه معماري داخلي در باززنده‌سازي بناهاي تاريخي كجاست؟ و چگونه مي‌تواند در جهت حفظ ارزش‌هاي بنا شكل گيرد؟ به منظور بررسي اين امر سه بناي مسكوني كه به موزه تبديل شده‌اند انتخاب و راهكارهاي طراحي معماري داخلي در تغيير شكل بناي تاريخي به موزه به بحث و نقد گذاشته شد. مورد اول موزه موسيقي در خانه‌اي مسكوني از آثار معماري دوره پهلوي دوم شكل گرفته است. مورد دوم، خانه پدري دكتر محسن مقدم نخستين موزه دانشگاهي ايران به‌شمار مي‌آيد و مامن آثار كم‌نظيري از تاريخ هنر ايران است. سومين نمونه موزه صبا، نخستين تجربه اداره كل موزه‌هاي ايران در ايجاد يك موزه بيوگرافيك در خانه شخصي استاد ابوالحسن صبا است كه از آثار معماري دوره پهلوي اول برپا شده است. بررسي و مقايسه اين سه نمونه نشان مي‌دهد معماري‌داخلي در مواجهه با بناهاي تاريخي ضمنِ رعايت اصول مسلم و معتبر اين فن چون اصل بازگشت‌پذيري در پي ايجاد بستري مناسب در بناي تاريخي خواهد بود كه همزمان دو امر ارزشي را، يعني ارزش‌هاي نهفته در بناي تاريخي و مجموعه‌اي كه با تبديل شدن بنا به موزه در آن جاي مي‌گيرد، نه تنها بدون مخدوش كردن ديگري، بلكه با تلاش بسيار در جلوه دادن هر يك در پناه ديگري مهيا كند.
چكيده لاتين :
Today, it is generally accepted that any outstanding architectural work is a constitutive moment of cultural heritage. The worth of a built architectural work depends on several facts such as time, place, lifestyle, techniques and current temporal architectural paradigms. Through passing the time, the building may be let useless and in the danger to be destroyed and even annihilated. Therefore, it needs to be updated and revitalized. Since the revitalization of a historical building causes changes in its inside, the basic problem in this field is that of the interior design and its relation to the architecture. It must be interrogated: What is the function of the interior design concerning the revitalization of a historical building? How should it be performed in order to preserve historical values of the buildings? Through experiences and approaches in the interior design, this research attempts to study carefully three residential houses, which have been revitalized and converted into museum. The first one is Music Museum that is established in a house from second-Pahlavi era with the intention of exhibiting and introducing Iranian music. The second one is Moghadam Museum, which is established in Dr. Mohsen Moghadam’s family house from Qajar’s era. This museum is the first academic museum in Iran and contains a precious collection of artworks and archeological discoveries. In addition, the last case study is Saba Museum, which is established in a house of the late master of Persian music: Abolhassan Saba (1902-1957). Saba Museum is the first Iranian biographical museum. Through comparing these three museums, it is attempted to introduce the methods of the interior design in performing the revitalization of an old building, and to discuss its place and importance. Each case study is divided into two sections. The first section gives a brief account of the changes until the present state, and describes the present situation as well as the architectural and interior design characteristics. From the lifestyle viewpoint, the second section analyzes the inside structure and quality and finally compares the old form of the interior space with the new one. When it comes to revitalizing a historical building, there is no general criterion. Each interior design project brings with it a unique combination of challenges, problems, strengths and weaknesses, which have possibly never seen before. On historic buildings, how much of the old should be conserved? How far should the renovation either imitate or diverge from the original? What sort of new technologies and materials are compatible with old structures and finishes? These are just some of the questions, which inevitably arise in revitalizing. The comparison of three case studies shows that in confrontation to the historical buildings, the interior designers have several approaches according to their viewpoint concerning the preservation and presentation of the building’s values. Dealing with the converting a house into a museum, two important matters must be kept in mind: the presentation of the values contained in the historical building and the presentation of the precious collection of things, which must be placed in the museum.
