پديد آورندگان :
بزرگمهر، نسيم نويسنده كارشناس ارشد برنامه‌ريزي شهري و منطقه‌اي , , حبيبي، ميترا نويسنده استاديار دانشكده معماري و شهرسازي , , برك‌پور، ناصر نويسنده دانشيار دانشكده معماري و شهرسازي ,
كليدواژه :
ارزيابي , رشد پراكنده , رشد هوشمند , طرح تفصيلي شهر كرج , طرح توسعه شهر
چكيده فارسي :
امروزه شهرهاي بسياري در سطح جهان در اثر رشد پراكنده، منابع طبيعي خود را مورد بهره‌برداري نادرست قرار داده‌اند. در ايران نيز كرج كه تا سال 1345 سيماي يك باغ‌شهر را داشت با رشد مهاجرت، تخريب باغات و اراضي سبز، اتصال روستاهاي پيرامون در حاشيه شهر و... به كرج امروزي با رشدي لجام گسيخته تبديل شده است. يكي از راه‌هايي كه براي مقابله با چنين رشد نابساماني در دنيا مطرح شده، بهره‌گيري از الگوي «رشد هوشمند» در تهيه طرح‌هاي توسعه شهر است. رشد هوشمند با تمركز بر تجديد حيات شهري و گسترش گزينه‌هاي حمل و نقل عمومي به‌دنبال ايجاد جوامعي است كه مردم به زندگي در آن رغبت نشان دهند. اين مقاله با هدف ارزيابي آخرين طرح تفصيلي شهر كرج بر مبناي معيارهاي رشد هوشمند تهيه شده و به ارزيابي و تعيين اولويت‌هاي برنامه‌ريزي در طرح تفصيلي شهر كرج با هدف بهره‌گيري از اصول رشد هوشمند، پرداخته است. در كل نتايج تحقيق حاكي از آن است كه طرح مذكور 84/52 درصد نمره از كل را كسب نموده و با رويكرد رشد هوشمند انطباق نسبي دارد. عمده‌ترين موضوعاتي كه در طرح مذكور نيازمند تاكيد بيشتر است مربوط به مسايلي از قبيل نظارت بر اجراي طرح، دسترسي مساوي به اطلاعات و جلب مشاركت اجتماعي در تهيه طرح است كه اكثراً ريشه در نظام تهيه طرح‌هاي توسعه شهري در ايران دارد.
چكيده لاتين :
Sprawl is a form of fast and scattered growth of urban and metropolitan areas that in some cases even connects the city to such rural areas. Currently, there are many cities throughout the world that have lost a substantial amount of their natural resources and valuable open spaces due to improper utilization of land and sprawl. Hence, not only the living conditions of their dwellers have been deteriorated, but also rather the opportunity of their future generations for taking advantage of such resources have been diminished. This sort of growth that has many adverse impacts on ecological, economical and social aspects of a society, which can be seen in some cities of Iran as well. One of the cities in Iran that suffers from sprawl is Karaj. Until 1966, this city had a “Garden-city-like” appearance. However, because of the growth of immigration and demolition of gardens and green areas from one side and also transferring agricultural water bodies to the city of Tehran, destruction of gardens and emergence of new neighborhoods, uncontrolled construction along Tehran-Qazvin Road, and finally due to joining of several peripheral urban systems around the city, Karaj has been found its current status. One of the main challenges of this city is its physical growth that has demolished its gardens and agricultural lands and has increased the costs of urban services. Other problems include scattered construction sites, heavy traffic, loss of identity and social characteristics of neighborhoods, pollution, destruction of natural sceneries, decrease in quality of life and so forth. One way to deal with this unorganized growth is taking Smart Growth principles into consideration while preparing city development plans. Smart growth is one of the most significant forms of development against sprawl and with its focus on city revitalization and expanding transportation alternatives; it pursues creating social places in a way that people show inclination to live in. This paper has been prepared with the aim of assessing the proposed development plan of Karaj based on Smart Growth indicators, and results in designating of planning priorities for Karaj by applying smart growth principles. In order to assess the aforementioned plan, at the phase of determining the significance coefficients of criteria and sub-criteria, the AHP technique has been used and at the phase of determining the extent to which this plan has brought sub-criteria into consideration and consequently determining the planning priorities based on smart growth criteria, a simple ranking method (ranks from 0 to 7) has been utilized. This research reveals that the abovementioned plan has obtained a score of 52.84 percent from the total score. In other words, the plan relatively conforms to the principles of smart growth in terms of the development of the city. However, it is clear that this plan has more strength in some indicators and sub-indicators, and less in others, which are the planning priorities. The most important weak points of this plan include plan monitoring, equal access to information, and social participation in the process of decision-making, and almost all of these have some roots in the procedure of preparing development plans in Iran.
