ارزيابي پايداري كاربري اراضي كلان‌شهر تهران بر اساس تلفيق مدل‌هاي ANP و Fuzzy DEMATEL گروهي

Evaluation of Tehran Metropolitan Urban Land Use Sustainability by Using Combined ANP and Group Fuzzy DEMATEL Aapproach

در طرح‌هاي توسعه شهري، كاربري اراضي شهري از مهم‌ترين ابزارهاي برنامه‌ريزي در دستيابي به اهداف به شمار مي‌آيد، و تمامي فعاليت‌ها و عملكرد‌هاي شهري و منطقه‌اي، چونان پلات فرمي محتوايي در آن نمايان است. در كنار كاربري اراضي شهري به مفهوم عام، موضوع پايداري كاربري اراضي شهري به مفهوم خاص، مقوله‌اي پراهميت در پژوهش‌هاي كنوني شهرسازي جهان است كه موفقيت طرح‌هاي پيشنهادي را به لحاظ تحقق‌پذيري و استقبال عمومي فراهم مي‌آورد. مقاله حاضر بر آن است تا موضوع پايداري كاربري اراضي شهري و معيارهاي مربوط به آن را در اسناد مطالعات طرح جامع (ساختاري ـ راهبردي) شهر تهران مورد بررسي و ارزيابي قرار دهد. روش تحقيق در اين مطالعه تبييني و تحليلي است و مدل‌هاي مورد استفاده در آن مدل‌هاي ANP و Fuzzy DEMATEL گروهي است. يافته‌هاي تحقيق نشان مي‌دهند كه در طرح جامع تهران، به برخي از معيارهاي علّي از جمله كاربري‌هاي مختلط توجه چنداني نشده است؛ و اين در حالي است كه بر اساس ديدگاه‌هاي افراد متخصص، اين معيارها اهميت زيادي در پايداري كاربري زمين دارند. از سوي ديگر، به معيارهاي معلولي همچون حفظ زمين‌هاي كشاورزي، توجه بيشتري معطوف گرديده است.

Land use is a result of interplaying between economic, ecological, social and cultural systems. By addressing these systems in their spatial dimension (that is the distribution dimension, like location and density, and the spatial interaction dimension, like attraction, pressure and change dynamics), it is possible to impinge on more fundamental concepts. Urban land use is one of the most important planning tools to achieve the goals in urban development plans and it considered as a content platform of urban and regional activities and functions. In other hand one of the basic issues in urban development plans success is attention to desired urban land use system and considering stable and sustainability framework. Today in most of urban comprehensive and detailed plans land use changes are among challengeable issues that take places in many cities and cause of many structural changes in urban comprehensive plans. While by considering three subjects (Indicator-based, method-based and network-based) in determining land uses in urban development plans, problems in such plans should be resolved. Therefore, the dynamic and flexible urban mechanism formation is paying attention to mentioned important aspect of urban planning. Beside the general concept of urban land use, land use sustainability in its special concept, is an important category in literature of urban planning that accumulates the success of urban plans. This problem represents the challenge that Tehran Metropolitan faced with, and relevant projects from the first Tehran comprehensive plan of Tehran in 1968, as well as the Master Plan 2006 attempted to find suitable responses for the mentioned problems. Considering urban land use sustainability, both in theory and practice are available in related documents of the mentioned plans. The main purpose of this paper is explanation and evaluation of sustainable urban land use and its relevant criteria in the studies of Tehran comprehensive plan. Among the other objectives of research, are developing related literature in urban land use sustainability in regard of global context and presentation of a new evaluation models in urban planning. Therefore researchers review and extract the main criteria in urban land use planning, especially in metropolises, for evaluation using new models. Method of the research is explanatory-analytical method and the methodology is based upon ANP and group Fuzzy DEMATEL models. The results show that: 1. in connection with the internal relations between criteria, they can be divided into two main categories: causal criteriaʹs and effecting ones and 2. The final ranking distinct that has been less attention, nevertheless the most important and influential on other criteria and unaffected, to tow mixed land uses and sustainable transportation. Mean while more attention on criteria of farmland preservation and reducing environmental risks. Also the research results show that in Tehran comprehensive plan (Structural-Strategic plan), little attention has been paid for the casual criteria. According the expertʹs point of view, these criteria have important roles in sustainability of urban land use. Moreover, it is necessary to pay more attention to the criteria such as preserving agricultural lands.