ماهيت انقلاب‌هاي اجتماعي (علل وقوع و شرط تداوم) از منظر اميرمؤمنان علي (عليه‌السلام)

The Concept of Power Contraction and Expansion in the Intellectual Framework of J. Nye

چكیده مقالة حاضر با هدف ترسیم الگویِ ماهیت انقلاب‌های اجتماعی از نگاه امیرمؤمنان علی (ع) به تبیین سیر وقوع انقلاب‌های اجتماعی در دو ساحتِ عامل واقعی (ارادة الهی) و عوامل عَرَضی (اسباب) می‌پردازد. در ترسیم این الگو سعی بر آن است تا با بررسی جایگاه خداوند (عامل واقعی) و نخبگان و مردم (عوامل عَرَضی)، در شكل‌گیری انقلاب، به این پرسش‌ها پاسخ داده شود: نخست این‌كه، علل وقوع انقلاب‌های اجتماعی چیست و دوم این‌كه آیا انقلاب را به صرف وقوع آن می‌توان انقلابی پیروز دانست یا به ثمر رسیدن آن منوط به تحقق معیارها و شروط است.

Abstract Joseph Nye is considered one of the leading thinkers and founders of neo liberalism in international relations. His works and Writings on the nature of power, the position of U.S in the global power hierarchy and the future of power in information age led to his being considered as a theorist of the concept of power.  This important fact was particularly substantiated by his proposing the idea of “soft power” in 1990s. In this article, Nye’s perspective on power, seizure and expansion of such concept, and philosophical, theoretical and practical deficiency of his views in relation to his beliefs on theoretical debates of power in international relations will be examined.  The claim of this research is that, Nyeʹs attempts in the ambit of power does not provide new possibilities to understand power, beyond what had previously been provided by classic theorists of such concept. But, his mental effort is limited to the redefinition and elaboration of voluntary systems for exercising power.