تحليل گفتمان مفهوم مردم سالاري ديني از منظر خبرگان قانون اساسي

Discourse Analysis of Islamic Democracy Concept from The View of Point of Expert Assambely of Constitution

موضوع نسبت مفهوم شورا با مفاهيم مشابه غربي در سده گذشته، از موضوعات مناقشه برانگيز در انديشه سياسيِ اسلامِ معاصر بوده است. در اين راستا، مقاله حاضر با هدف بررسي و تحليل رابطه شورا و دموكراسي، به طرح ايده اي نو در طبقه بندي ديدگاه هاي علماي معاصر شيعي ايراني پرداخته است؛ رهيافت سياسيِ تطبيق گرايانه، به جايگاه «عقل جمعي» در تحليل رابطه شورا و دموكراسي مي پردازد. با توجه به اين واقعيتِ تاريخ انديشه كه تجربه دموكراسي در ايران برخلاف سنت غربي با مفهوم «شورا» شروع مي شود و با آن پيوند دارد، مسيله سازگاري و عدم سازگاري و انطباق و عدم انطباق دو مفهوم «شورا و دموكراسي» در انديشه سياسي معاصر شيعه و ايران مورد بررسي و تحليل قرار گرفته است. برآيند تحليل ‌ها نشان مي دهد كه علماي معاصر شيعي ضمن اذعان به اينكه شورا و دموكراسي به دو نظام معرفتي متفاوت تعلق دارند، بر اين باورند كه آموزه «شورا» ظرفيت دموكراتيك سازي جامعه اسلامي را دارد و به برداشتي دموكراتيك از اسلام مي رسند. لذا با توجه به تحليل هاي صورت گرفته، علماي معاصرِ شيعيِ ايراني توانسته اند با استناد به عقل جمعي، تحليلي ايجابي از «رابطه شورا و دموكراسي» به دست دهند.

Islamic Revolution of Iran was a revival for people to politics. The formation of Expert Assembly of final assessment of constitution for writing the new constitution was the result of Islamic Revolution in 1979. The expert Assembly, as the representative of revolutionary people, was in search of procedures for operationalizing the revolutionary thoughts (especially establishing two main bases of Islamic Revolution, namely Islam and Republic). Political system of Islamic Republic of Iran is the manifestation of these two main bases which Islamic democracy is a presentation of these two fundamental bases. Islamic Democracy is looking for the role of people in power based on Islamic Foundations. By focusing on negotiations of expert assembly of constitution, the researchers try to answer the following question. What was the role of political and social background after Islamic Revolution in formation of discourses related to Islamic Democracy? At the same time, we can pose the content and concept of other questions such as Which perceptions and interpretations of Islamic democracy exist in the negotiations of Expert Assembly? On which intra-discourse structure, context and political system, Islamic democracy discourse emerged? With which presuppositions and implications, the structure of Islamic democracy discourse matches with thoughts of Expert Assembly? Which discourses and theoretical systems had opposition, confrontation and competition with each other in the Expert Assembly? The method of this research is based on discourse analysis as a structural approach of the text which provides the possibility of the relationship between the text and its sociological aspects. For this reason, the research is based on Fairclough three dimensional framework (micro or textual analysis, meso or discursive practice and interdiscursive elements).