قاينات و بازي بزرگ: دو ساختار يك كارگزار

Qayenat and the Great Game. Tow Structures from one Agent

خاندان علم از گذشته دور موقعيت ويژه اي در شرق ايران داشته كه با به قدرت رسيدن حكومت قاجاريه جايگاه آنان به عنوان يك حكومت محلي تثبيت و تحكيم گرديده است. در اين دوره علي رغم وجود كشاكش قدرت ميان دو ابرقدرت آن دوره يعني انگلستان و روسيه، جريان داشتن مساله شرق (بازي بزرگ) و كشمكش برخي حكام محلي با دولت قاجار، خاندان خزيمه نه تنها بقا مي يابند؛ بلكه موقعيت و جايگاه خود را فزوني مي بخشند. سوال اين تحقيق بررسي چرايي حفظ موقعيت خاندان علم تا پايان دوره قاجاريه در اين منطقه است، فرضيه اين نوشتار اين است كه در جريان بازي بزرگ دو ساختار وجود دارد. ساختار اول دولت هاي استعماري روس و انگليس و ساختار دوم دولت مركزي قاجار مي باشد؛ نقش خاندان علم به عنوان كارگزار، واسطه گر و تعادل بخش منافع ابرقدرت ها و دولت مركزي است و همين امر بقا و گسترش حيطه قدرت آنان را تضمين مي نمايد.

The knowledge clan had a special position in the East of Iran from the far past that by reaching to the authority of Qajar rule, their status as a local governorship has been stabilized and strengthened. In spite of the existence of power struggle in this period between two superpowers of that era, that is to say, England and Russia, the flux of the East problem (The Great Game) and the contention of some local rulers with Qajar government, the family of Khazimeh not only continue to its survival, but also exceed their position and status. The inquiry of this research is the investigation of the reason of status retention of the knowledge clan still at the end of Qajar epoch in this region. The hypothesis of this writing is that there is two structures in the course of the Great Game. The first structure is the colonial powers like the Russia and England and the second structure is the central government of Qajar. The role of the knowledge clan is as an official agent, intermediator and balance establishers of the superpowers and the central government profits and this same function guarantees their survival and extension of their domain of power in this period. Key Words: Theory of structure- agent, knowledge clan, Qajar, Russia, England.