تحليل جامعه‌شناختي مقابله كشاورزان با آثار زيان‌بار تغيير آب‌وهوا مطالعه موردي: شهرستان بابلسر

تغيير آب و هوا پديده اي است كه به سرعت درحال وقوع است و پيامدهاي زيان بار گسترده اي دارد. بهره گيري از دانش تغيير آ بوهوا و يقين داشتن از وقوع آن، در توانمندسازي گرو ههاي آسيب پذير در برابر پيامدهاي اين تغيير بسيار موثر و حياتي است. هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر، بررسي نقش دانش و باور كشاورزان به تغيير آب وهوا در حمايت شان از سياس تهاي سازگاري در كشاورزي است. جامعه آماري اين تحقيق را 7861 نفر از كشاورزان شهرستان بابلسر تشكيل مي دهند كه با استفاده از نمون هگيري خوشه اي چندمرحل هاي، تعداد 140 نفر از آنها به عنوان نمونه آماري برگزيده شدند. ابزار گردآوري اطلاعات تحقيق، پرسشنامه محقق ساخته بود و ميزان پايايي پرسش ها بيش از 60 درصد به دست آمد. يافته هاي تحقيق نشان مي دهند كه ميزان دانش تغيير آب و هوا، باور به وقوع آن و نيز سطح حمايت كشاورزان از سياس تهاي مقابله، بيش از متوسط بوده است. براساس تحليل رگرسيون، متوسط زمين زراعيِ دراختيار و باور به وقوع تغيير آب وهوا مه مترين عوامل تاثيرگذار بر حمايت كشاورزان از سياس تهاي مقابله بودند. درحالي كه متغيرهاي سن، درآمد حاصل از كشاورزي، و دانش تغيير آ بوهوا بر عامل حمايت تاثيري نداشتند. براساس نتايج اين تحقيق، پيشنهادهايي براي توانمندسازي كشاورزان و حمايت هاي اجتماعي، رواني، و اقتصادي ارايه شده است.

Introduction Climate change is a phenomenon that rapidly occurring and the necessity to adapt it are crucial. Knowledge of climate change and the certainty of its occurrence are critical to the empowerment of vulnerable groups towards its outcome. Taking a scientific and proper approach to deal with the issue of global climate change (GCG) requires awareness towards this phenomenon which helps to make a proper and applicable policy. In other words, to address CC issues like environmental risks we need to understand the causes, consequences and potential solutions to CC. Because, environmental issues of the early twenty first century are characterized by a high level of scientific and technical complexity, good citizens needs to be well informed and more accurate on decisions about scientific issues. Therefore, by arising knowledge of CC, individual behavioral changes directed towards combating the problem can be engendered. In recent years, many researchers have examined public knowledge of the greenhouse effect and ozone depletion. This field of study seems very new and the CC issue seems under studied. This means publicʹs understanding of CC has not been determined and there is no information about people attitudes and behavior toward CC issue. Iran is a signatory of the Kyoto Protocol and according to this treaty; she is obliged to implement mitigation and adaptationpolicies to reduce greenhouse gas. Performance indicators reported by the German Institute for Climate Watch in 2011 suggests that Iran was allocated rank 52 of the 60 positions to its ranking which suggests that it dropped 14 steps lower than the previous period based on the performance index of climate change. According to enactment the rules of procedure adopted Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol in July 2009 by cabinet and the National Climate Change Committee and the Secretariat related it in Environmental Protection Agency’ Iran, it seems Iran gets better grades in terms of reducing carbon emissions. The purpose of this study is to analysis the role of knowledge and belief in forming farmers’ support towards climate change adaptation policies in agriculture.Methodology The present study utilized survey method and the main tool for data collection was questionnaire. Given that the main focus of study is assessing farmers’ knowledge, the unit of analysis in this study is farmers and level of analysis is micro. To this end, total population was 7861 of farmers’ Babolsar that using multi-stage cluster sampling, 140 were selected as samples. A total of 140 farmers were interviewed face to face, using questionnaires. The questionnaire consisted of 64 questions. The questions were either open ended or in multiple choice format. The rate of validity’ questions were higher than 60 percent. 3 hypotheses were examined. Data entry, editating and final processing was performed by applying software SPSS. The initial analysis showed that the dependent variable did have a normal distribution and we utilized parametric test (e.g. Pearson correlation coefficient, Regression model) for hypothesis testing accordingly.Findings The findings show that knowledge of climate change and belief in the occurrence and level of supporting the policies is rather moderate, declined to high. Based on regression analysis, the average agricultural land and a belief in the occurrence of climate change, were the most important factors affecting policies supports. Incontrast, the age and knowledge of climate change showed no effect on supporting climate change policies.Discussion The results of this study showed that knowledge does not necessarily lead to supporting climate change policies. Belief in climate change played a major role in creating incentives to tackle climate change. In fact, those villagers who believe climate change is happening and that human activity is the main source of climate change, they expressed greater willingness to undertake collective action to support adaptation and mitigation policies. Based on the above results, the following can be presented as research suggestions. • Improvement of extension services in the rural region, to improve knowledge and skills of farmers on climate change adaptation strategies and familiarizing them with the basic elements of successful implementation of policies to tackle climate change. • Government agencies and non-governmental reports should be available to scholars in order to properly analyze the current situation. In addition, we need organizations that are involved in climate change education and take responsibility to provide the information about factors and consequences of climate change. • Projections of economic, social and cultural consequences of climate change for rural communities is needed and this needs to be done by experts so that they can respond more effectively to global warming. In this context, one of the most consistent programs is sustainable agriculture that farmers should be given the necessary training. • Providing mental and financial support and empowering farmers by the respective institutions makes farmers to have choices for changing product strategies and managing resources (water, soil and inputs) to tackle climate change.