ارزيابي نقش سرمايه اجتماعي در يكپارچه‌سازي اراضي كشاورزي مطالعه موردي: دهستان حصار ولي‌عصرـ‌شهرستان آوج

يكي از مهم ترين چالش هاي توسعه روستايي در ايران، تقطيع و پراكندگي زياد زمين هاي كشاورزي بهره برداران است كه مديريت منابع توليد را با مشكلات عديده اي مواجه ساخته است. بسياري از پژوهشگران، يكپارچه سازي اراضي را راه حلي منطقي و اجرايي براي حل اين معضل مي دانند و بر نقش سازنده سرمايه اجتماعي در اين فرايند تاكيد مي كنند. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسي نقش سرمايه اجتماعي بهره برداران در تشكيل گروه هاي خودجوش محلي و يكپارچ هسازي زمين هاي پراكنده اعضا از اين طريق است. روش تحقيق براي انجام اين پژوهش، توصيفي تحليلي بود و به منظور گردآوري داده ها از پرسشنامه استفاده شد. جامعه آماري تحقيق 280 نفر از بهره برداران كشاورزي در روستاهاي دهستان حصار ولي عصر بودند كه زمين هاي شان يكپارچه شده بود. از بين آنها با استفاده از فرمول كوكران، 150 بهره بردار به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شد و پرسشنامه ب هشيوه تصادفي ساده توزيع گرديد. روايي پرسشنامه را گروهي از صاح بنظران تاييد كردند و پايايي آن با استفاده از ضريب آلفاي كرونباخ 0 محاسبه شد. براي تجزيه و تحليل كم?ي داد هها از آزمون هاي آماري تحليل واريانس، كروسكال / به ميزان 937 واليس، همبستگي پيرسون و تحليل عاملي استفاده شد. نتايج تحليل واريانس نشان مي دهند كه ميانگين عددي مولفه هاي سرمايه اجتماعي بهره برداران، تفاوت معناداري با يكديگر ندارند. نتيجه تحليل كروسكال واليس نيز نشان مي دهد كه بهره برداران پروژه هاي يكپارچه سازي شده در سه روستاي مطالعه شده در برخورداري از ابعاد سرمايه اجتماعي تفاوت معناداري با يكديگر ندارند. نتيجه تحليل عاملي نقش سرمايه اجتماعي در يكپارچه سازي اراضي در پروژه هاي اجر اشده نشان مي دهد كه سه عامل اعتماد متقابل بين بهر هبرداران، مشاركت و همكاري اعضا و انسجام اجتماعي و مديريت اشتراكي كه عمدتاً با ساختار اجتماعي مناطق روستايي ارتباط نزديكي دارند، درمجموع نزديك به 50 درصد از كل واريانس را به خود اختصاص داد هاند.

Introduction Fragmentation and distribution of agricultural lands is one of most important structural problems of the rural development process especially agricultural development in the Iran. Consequently, the problem has lead to numerous other serious problems such as inefficient use of modern technologies and new production methods, decrease in productivity, waste of soil and water resources, reduction of income level, insufficient of job opportunity and entrepreneurship activities and etc. which have been result in slowing the rate of rural development process. Meanwhile, land consolidation as a factor for successful development of agriculture has draws attention of planners and policymakers in the both developed and developing countries in the recent years. When applied as an instrument of rural development, land consolidation can improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of public and private investments in transportation and communication networks, utilities and irrigation systems. By facilitating renewal of communities, land consolidation can promote social stability. Based on sustainable development approach, community assets to improve the livelihood of the local community includes a broad range of capitals forms such as natural, physical, human, financial and social capitals. Therefore social capital as an intangible investment is a facilitator development resources management based on social relationships and the function of local networks in different levels of the individual and the family, group and community.Thus, in the one hand, social capital dimensions (local network, participation, trust and social cohesion) in the field of land consolidation, can promote stability of the social and economic development, comprehensive planning of land management, effective rapid assessment of complex situations, develop common values, guarantee an equal distribution of resources and increase understanding of the stakeholders, and in the other hand, it paves the way for new opportunities to encourage local residents invest in agricultural infrastructural such as water supply and transferring, packaging, trading and marketing, technical skills, communication etc that led to agricultural development. Now regarding the role of social capital in land consolidation this study attempts to answer these questions: 1- Has social capital helped to land consolidation of scattered plots among small farmers in the study region? And what factors have the most influence in participatory land consolidation from the viewpoint of the beneficiaries?Methodology The research method of the current study in terms of the nature, rate and degree of control and method of data collection was quantitative, non-experimental and field research, respectively. The statistical population of the study consisted of 280 farmers of the villages of Ardelan, Dashtak and Azanbar located in Hesar e Valiasr County (Avaj township- Qazvin province). To determine the sample size, based on the Cochran formula, the 150 beneficiary was selected as a samples and questionnaires were distributed randomly. To assess the role of social capital indicators (cooperation and participation, social trust, local networks and group cohesion) in land consolidation questionnaire was used. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. The reliability of the variables, using the preliminary questionnaire was calculated by the use of Cronbachʹs alpha coefficient of 0.937. For quantitative analysis of collected data statistical tests such as one sample T test, Kruskal Wallis and Factor analysis were used.Finding To assess the role of social capital in the farmers tendencies to make decisionsrelated to scattered land plot consolidation in the study area, one sample t test has been used. The analysis show that, with the assumed test value of 3 (as a liker spectrum mean) there are significant differences between numerical means of social capital components in land consolidation from the beneficiariesʹ viewpoints. On the other hand, to assess the difference between the means of ranks of social capital components in sample villages, nonparametric Kruskal Wallis test was used; and this showed that differences at the level of 95% are not significant. To assess the importance of social capital variables in Land Consolidation from respondentsʹ viewpoints in projects implemented in the study area, factor analysis was used. The result of reduction of 32 variables extracted from the questionnaire represents 6 major factors that explain more than 70% of the total variance.Results The results shows that social capital has had a positive effect on the success of farmersʹ fragmented lands consolidation projects in the study area trough the formation of local group. So that among social capital components such as trust, cooperation, social cohesion and local networks, the indicators of mutual trust between group members and participation and cooperation among within the group as facilitating factors, have had the most effect on group formation and decision making about land consolidation, from the viewpoints of respondents in the study area. The results of reduction are organized in six main factors that explain totally 70.1% of the variance. Thus, among extracted factors of mutual trust between farmers (with 19.39 percent), and collaboration and cooperation of group members (by 17.2 percent), and social cohesion and participatory management (with 11.56 percent), which are closely related to social structure of rural regions, include approximately 50 percent of the total variance from perspective of beneficiaries eligible to implemented Land Consolidation projects and this indicates the effect of social capital on farmersʹ fragmented and distributed land consolidation.