تحليل نقش گردشگري در اقتصاد روستايي مطالعه موردي: دهستان بان‌زرده‌ـ‌شهرستان دالاهو

امروزه توسعه كارآفريني و خوداشتغالي در مناطق روستايي به نيازي جدي تبديل شده است. هدف اصلي پژوهش حاضر، بررسي عوامل بازدارنده گرايش جوانان روستايي به خوداشتغالي است، كه به شيوه پيمايشي انجام شده است. جامعه آماري تحقيق را جوانان روستايي 18 تا 29 ساله ساكن در مناطق روستايي بخش مركزي شهرستان همدان تشكيل مي دهند كه از مجموع آنها، براساس فرمول كوكران 184 نفر با استفاده از روش نمونه گيري خوشه اي چندمرحله اي انتخاب شدند. پرسشنامه، مهم ترين ابزار جمع آوري اطلاعات در تحقيق حاضر است. روايي صوري پرسشنامه را متخصصان فن تاييد كردند و براي بررسي پايايي ابزار تحقيق، پرسشنامه در اختيار تعدادي از 0 به دست آمد، كه پذيرفتني است. طبق نتايج / جوانان روستايي قرار گرفت. آلفاي كرونباخ در تحقيق معادل 85 به دست آمده، بازدارنده هاي گرايش جوانان به خوداشتغالي با استفاده از نتايج تحلي لعاملي در 6 عامل دسته بندي 10 درصد از / شدند. عامل نخست كه با توجه به متغيرهاي تشكيل دهنده عامل زيرساختي نام گرفت، با تبيين 60 واريانس به عنوان مهم ترين عامل معرفي شد. اين عامل همراه با عوامل آموزشي، شخصيتي، اقتصادي، حمايتي، و 54 درصد از واريانس را تبيين كردند. / فرهنگي درمجموع 84

Introduction Tourism development is important for economic growth in rural areas because it constitutes take into account a driving force for economic development. So in rural areas that have potential to attract tourists can be helped to economic growth through appropriate investment in tourism. Tourism development in rural areas can have an important role in the diversification of the rural economy and can be underlie the sustainable rural development. Thus, rural tourism can the empowerment of local people and human resource development, economic diversification and growth, creating jobs, solving unemployment, raise living standards through the provision of social services and bridging the gap between urban and rural areas in different fields and should have a major role reduce rural migration to large cities. Banzarde rural as valuable tourism resources such as natural, historical and pilgrimage can play important role in the economy. The aim of present study has been investigate the role of tourism activities on the economy of the Banzarde rural. This theoretical – practical research has been carried out with a descriptive-analytical method. In order to evaluate the role of tourism in the economy Banzarde views of residents in the study area has been used differentvariables such as income, employment, land prices and the status of the investment. The information needed to conduct this research was collected by the application of survey and library method. The survey was used questionnaire. The statistical population of research included residential of Banzarde and these cases were randomly chosen among 13 rural. Random stratified sampling method has been used in this study. Therefore, the sample size that calculated by using ʹCochranʹ formula is 370 persons. Then, the number of questionnaires in each of the 13 rural under the study was distributed in proportion to population size.Methodology In order to investigate the validity were used tourism experts. The reliability of the pre-test was approved (completed preliminary questionnaire to 30 randomly between residents and the alpha value of 0.93). The data and information were analyzed by using SPSS and EXCEL. In this research in order to obtain and assess residentsʹ attitudes toward the chosen criteria were used statistical tests such as mean responses, One-sample T-test and coefficient Pearson.Discussion and Results The findings showed that views of residents in the study area, tourism activities has more role in the components of income and employment and also economic status in Banzarde rural. For example variables such as the increase of average income of residents, use of luxury goods and reduce poverty feel in the region with tourists, above average and variable increase in purchasing power with the arrival of tourists lower than average. Also have evaluated status indicators of employment components associated with higher than average. Survey responses indicate that the average variable increases in land prices and changes in land use is higher than average. Also state variables related to the investment in the study area is suitable. So that the average obtained for the index has been above average. This indicates that the impact of tourism activities in the study area is attracting investment. Generally, The findings showed that tourism activities in the Banzarde rural from the perspective of the residents of the study area, is affected state of all variablessuch as income, employment, land prices and investment status. In order to detection and awareness of the relationship between selected indicators and the economic status of the study area were used coefficient Pearson. Findings showed that indicators of income, employment and investment, has a positive and significant relationship but variable of income has negative and significant relationship with economic status of the study area. Based on the results, Banzarde rural as well as a valuable tourism resources such as natural, historical and pilgrimage resources can increase ability to attract tourists to the area through appropriate investment in building facilities and equipment including sports tourism, infrastructure, hospitality and transportation and has helped regional economic growth and development. It is also provided possible to obtain additional revenues by providing jobs in other sectors such as building, repairs, supplies and car hire. Also by creating jobs and reducing unemployment in the correct pattern and create sustainable employment capacity.