چگونگي اعيان ثابته در فناي ذاتي (بررسي مناظره علامه طباطبايي و علامه طهراني)

on the Nature of Subsistents in the Annihilation in the Essence (A Study of AllamehTabatabaii’s Debate with AllamehTehrani)

مناظره علامه طباطبايي و علامه طهراني در فناي ذاتي اعيان ثابته، از معدود مسايلي است كه به نتيجه واحدي ميان اين دو بزرگوار نرسيده است. سوال از اعيان و معدوم بودن آن‌ها از طرفي، و در عين حال، جنبه وجودي آن در حضرت علميه به منظور آفرينش هستي كاينات، از طرف ديگر، فهم اين مساله را با مشكل روبه‌رو مي‌كند. با تحقيق در منابع معتنابهي كه از پدر عرفان نظري و واضع اعيان ثابته رسيده و تامل در آن‌ها مي‌توان راه را براي حل اين معضل هموار كرد. در ابتدا با نگاهي معرفت‌شناسانه مي‌توان گفت كه برداشت عرفي صوفيانه از فنا باعث اين پندار شده كه موجودات در عالم هستي مي‌زيند تا در نهايت، فاني در حق تعالي شوند؛ اما در واقع، با توجه به نظريات ابن‌عربي، فنا بعد از اثبات وجود، سهو و غلط آشكار است و هر كسي كه به نفس خود و هستي، بدون فنا و وجود بنگرد، حق تعالي را شناخته است. از منظر هستي‌شناسي، فرق بين وجود عاريتي كَوني و وجود اصيل حقيقي و اعيان ثابته، مي‌تواند به ما در حل درست مساله، ياري رساند؛ به اين صورت كه آنچه به واقع متعلق نيستي قرار مي‌گيرد، وجود متوهم است كه همان احكام اعيان ثابته در لباس عاريتي وجود كوني است و خروج از اين توهم، درك صحيح از هستي است.

The debate between Allameh Tabatabaii and Allameh Tehrani on the issue of the annihilation of the subsistents in the essence is one of the few debates that have not ended in their agreement on a single conclusion. The question of the subsistents being annihilated, on the one hand, and at the same time, their existential aspect in the omniscient presence for the creation of the universe, on the other, make it difficult to understand this issue. However, by searching through the numerous resources written by the father of the theoretical mysticism and the developer of the subsistents, and by pondering them, it will be possible to pave the way for solving this problem. Initially, and with an epistemological view one can say that a laic Sufi interpretation of the concept of annihilation has led to the belief that the creatures live in this world so that they would ultimately be annihilated in Allah Almighty; however, in reality, and considering the theories of bin Arabi, it is a mistake to think of annihilation after proving the existence, and anyone who looks at his own ego and being, without annihilation and existence, will have gained knowledge of Allah Almighty. From an ontological perspective, the difference between the borrowed existential existence and the existence which is fundamentally real and the subsistents can assist us properly solve this problem. That is to say, what is, in fact, considered to belong to non-existence is the illusory existence, which is, the rules of the subsistents in the borrowed form of the existential existence and exiting this illusion would be the true understanding of the existence.