بازشناسي انگاره هاي نظام بصري در محلات بافت فرسوده شهري نمونه موردي: محله عباسي تهران

Recognition of Components of the Visual System in Neighborhood of Deteriorated Urban Fabric Case Study: Abbasi District, Tehran

در اين نوشتار، ابتدا با معرفي انگاره هاي هويت و حس مكان به عنوان مولفه هاي دخيل در ميزان ارزشمندي بافت هاي شهري، به معرفي بافت هاي ناكارآمد و فرسوده شهري و روش ها و راهكارها ي مداخله در اين بافت ها پرداخته خواهد شد. در ادامه، ضمن تدقيق لزوم انجام مطالعات بصري-كالبدي در اين بافت ها، اقدام به معرفي، تحليل و باز شناخت نظام بصري و انگاره هاي آن (به عنوان جنبه كالبدي- بصري منظر شهري) خواهد شد. نتايج حاصل از اين پژوهش، معرفي انگاره هاي هويت و حس مكان براي تشخيص ميزان ناكارآمدي و فرسودگي بافت هاي شهري، شفاف سازي جايگاه مطالعات مربوط به نظام بصري در مباني نظري طراحي شهري، معرفي و تدقيق عناصر بصري و چگونگي رابطه بين آن ها به عنوان انگاره هاي نظام بصري خواهد بود. همچنين نتايج حاصل از اين پژوهش، در محله عباسي تهران به عنوان نمونه موردي، مورد بررسي قرار گرفته است. لازم به ذكر است اين پژوهش، از روش تحقيق توصيفي- تحليلي و شيوه تحقيق مرور متون و منابع به عنوان ابزار جمع آوري اطلاعات در بستر مطالعات كتابخانه اي، همچنين از روش تحقيق موردي و شيوه هاي تحقيق اسناد تصويري، مشاهده و مصاحبه در بستر مطالعات ميداني سود جسته است.

Nowadays, it seems that due to imbalances in urban sub-systems, large parts of cities suffer from flawed and undesirable performance. Apparently, this weak performance is in such a manner that some urban textures have lost their identity as collective habitats and suffer from lack of identity. This is evident from the fact that the cognitive relationship between city and its residents in many of today’s urban fabrics has decreased, and consequently recognition of “sense of orientation” and “identity of environment” by citizens has encountered serious problems. On the other hand, such inefficient or deteriorated urban fabrics, due to the fact that they will be marked in the mental map of the citizens as undesirable areas, are considered as undeniable parts of the urban form and townscape. “Inefficient” or “deteriorated” urban fabric is a general term for those textures which deviate, in one way or another, from expected and desirable form or function in the opinion of interested groups. This study has reviewed those elements which affect the visual system in deteriorated urban fabric neighborhood, as collective and public areas, so that this can serve as a basis for purposeful and identifying design of visual system. Regarding aforesaid issues, in this paper, consideration is given to the necessity of performing studies of visual system as the visual- physical aspect of townscape in cities with special texture (i.e. inefficient or deteriorated urban fabric). Introducing the identity and sense of place as the major components involved in determining the value of urban fabrics, this paper addresses the deteriorated urban fabrics and different strategies to interfere in them. The necessity of performing visual-formal research in such fabrics will then be emphasized and the visual system and its components (as the visual-formal aspect of the townscape) will be analyzed and reviewed. Result of the present research are: suggesting identity and sense of place as means of determining inefficiency and deterioration of urban fabric, elucidation of the role of researches on the visual system in theoretical basis of urban design, and introduction and illustration of visual elements as components of visual system and their relationships. The achievements of this study also have been considered in the case study of Abbasi District of Tehran. It is noteworthy that in this paper, descriptive-analytical research method and review of literature has been used for collecting information during library-based phase of the research, and case study method, photo documentation, observation and interview for its field study phase.