پديد آورندگان :
حسن پور لسكوكلايه، رضا نويسنده دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي رشت , , حيدرزاده، محمد نويسنده دانشكده پزشكي- دانشگاه علوم پزشكي تبريز ,
كليدواژه :
شبكه شهري , شهرستان رشت , شهرهاي كوچك , مادرشهر , منطقه , نظام شهري
چكيده فارسي :
نظام پخشايش جمعيت در استان گيلان متعادل نيست و سيماي اسكان و استقرار جمعيت و شهرها تصوير مناسبي را بدست نمي دهد. الگوي موجود اسكان و روند توزيعي آن نيز بيش از پيش بسوي عدم تعادل و نابساماني گرايش يافته و تحول خواهد يافت كه در اين ميان بدليل واقع شدن مركزيت سياسي، اقتصادي و... در شهر رشت، اين شهرستان بيشترين عدم تعادل را در شبكه و نظام شهري خود، نسبت به ديگر شهرستان هاي استان دارا مي باشد.
اصولاً شهر رشت به عنوان قطب رشد، در پي ايجاد شرايط مكنده و جذب مركز ثقل، امكانات بخش هاي پيراموني سرزميني را به خود جذب نموده و پيرامون را از مجموعه فعاليت هايي كه بستري براي رشد اقتصادي تلقي مي شوند، محروم مي سازد. بازتاب چنين جرياني بالطبع رشد اين مادر شهر و كاهش سهم جمعيتي شهرهاي كوچك در اطراف آن مي باشد و اين امر بدون توجه به يك توسعه متوازن و فراگير منطقه اي، تعادل و ثبات ملي را نيز به خطر مي اندازد.
عدم تعادل در شبكه استقرار جمعيت و بهره برداري از منابع سرزمين در شهرستان رشت، به ضرر شهرهاي كوچك و روستاهاي اطراف عمل مي كند كه اختلاف شرايط ناحيه اي و سياست هاي اداري و اقتصادي به اين مسايل دامن مي زند كه البته سياست اقتصادي عامل مهمي در توزيع نامتعادل سلسله مراتب شهري مي باشد. مي توان گفت كه تفاوت هاي عملكردي شهرهاي شهرستان با شهر رشت از دلايل عمده افزايش فاصله جمعيتي بين آنها مي باشد كه اين مي تواند از نحوه خدمات رساني و ضعف و كمبودهاي موجود در شهرهاي كوچك ناشي شود.
پژوهش حاضر در نظر دارد وضعيت شبكه و نظام شهري شهرستان رشت و روند تحولات اين نظام را در طي سه دهه اخير مورد ارزيابي و تجزيه وتحليل قرار داده و راهكارها و روش هايي كه براي متعادل سازي و موزون نمودن اين شبكه شهري كارساز و موثر مي باشد را بررسي نمايد.
چكيده لاتين :
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Network and urban system in Rasht town ship suffers from disequilibrium and this trend is constantly increasing due to the city dominance over the surrounding region and even whole province and the lack of strong functional relations among the centers.In such a condition, the deployment pattern of population and activity in town ship does not follow a right exploitation system of capacities and potentials displaying an inappropriate picture of population deployment. Consequently, the urban network of the town ship lacks a hierarchal function, and the spatial distribution and population volume do not follow functionally hierarchal system. The main objective of the present article is to study system and urban network and an evaluation of the changes in order to present balancing strategies to achieve a logical relationship among the current habitats.
Research Methodology
Based on the purpose of the study, this article is an applied one. Regarding methodology, however, it is descriptive-analytic. To collect data, documentary and field studies have been carried out. Documentary study is used to describe the conceptual framework of the study and to complete this documentary study, the field method of data collection has been conducted. Then, models of city size distribution and urban hierarchy such as Zipf Model, logarithmic distribution of rank and size, Lorenz Curve, and Gini density coefficient were used to study and analyze the network and urban system of Rasht city.
Results
Presently, Rasht as the first city in the region has over 92 percent of the urban population, and the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cities of Khomam, Lashtnesha, Kochesfahan, Khoshkbijar, and Sangar have respectively allocated around 2.14, 1.8, 1.39, 1.24, and 1.06 percent of the whole population. There is a high gap and distance between these cities and Rasht in terms of number and percent of population. This issue indicates an undesirable condition of population distribution in town ship which imposes an obvious influence over the process of the city development, and the high and low rates of job creation. This is quite evident from frequently daily references of people from surrounding cities and villages to Rasht for working, shopping, etc.
Since past decades, the city of Rasht has continually preserved itself as the shopping center so far as it has enjoyed a very high growth in that while small cities carrying special stand in local and regional urban network, have not enjoyed development process and have finally been forgotten.
Conclusion
The result reached in the logarithmic distribution of rank and size of different regions of Rasht reveals that this coefficient had a negative slope of less than one at the time of study indicating disequilibrium in regression slope in the town ship urban system and the dominance of the city that follows the first urban pattern which is highly increasing. In all periods of population census, Lorenz curve in Rasht town ship has a high dent which can be felt from the separation degree of monotonous distribution line. The distribution of the cities in the region under study, the numerous small towns, and the presence of metropolitan city of Rasht have resulted in low efficiency in communication among surrounding cities.
The result of survey conducted on the hierarchal system of the city through model of Lorenz curve and the Gini density coefficient indicates that population distribution of cities in 1976 and 1996 was half balanced and had critically imbalance condition in 1986 and 2006.
