واكاوي تحريمِ خشونت مستقيم در شواهد قرآني

The Analysis of Prohibition of the Direct Violence in the Quranic Evidences

برخي منتقدان، قرآن كريم را به منزله متني مقدس مطالعه مي‌كنند كه به خشونت‌ورزي امر مي‌كند. در مقابل، پژوهش حاضر بر محتوايي قرآني متمركز شده است كه با نفي خشونت، به ويژه در مقام تحريم خشونتِ مستقيم ارتباط مي‌يابد. شواهد قرآنيِ مطالعه‌شده در اين جستار عبارت‌اند از: نفي قتل نفس، نفي كشتار انبيا، نفي خشونت فرعوني، و نفي قتل اولاد. مطابق با گونه‌اي مشخص از نوع‌شناسي خشونت، روشن خواهد شد كه چنان مصاديقي از خشونت مستقيم كه در قرآن كريم تحريم شده است، در واقع، مي‌تواند نيازهاي اساسي انسان به بِهروزي، معنا و هويت و نيز آزادي و حريّت را با چالش مواجه سازد. با توجه به شواهد قرآني مي‌توان دريافت كه آنچه خداوند متعال در موضوعات چهارگانه فوق طرد و نفي كرده است، صرفاً خدشه‌دار ساختن مسيله بقا و محروم ساختن انسان‌ها از نياز اساسي‌شان به حيات نيست. بر خلاف ديدگاه منتقدان مذكور، قرآن كريم علاوه بر تحريم خشونت مستقيم در سطح ظاهر ـ يعني ستاندن جان ساير انسان‌هاـ در حقيقت، ابعاد مختلف آن را نيز در نظر داشته است؛ از توجه به حق بقا و حيات انسان در سطح آشكار تا نيازهايي چون بهروزي، بهره‌مندي از معنا و هويت و نيز آزادي. به علاوه، اهتمام قرآن كريم به تحريم خشونت كه با پنداشت توليد صلح منفي ارتباط مي‌يابد نيز قابل توجه است.

Some critics study the Quran as the Holy Scripture which commands violence. According to the opposite approach to this claim, the present research concentrates on the Quranic content which relates with the negation of violence especially in the prohibition of the direct violence. The Quranic evidences which are studied in this paper are: the negation of homicide, the negation of killing the prophets, the negation of Pharaonic violence and the prohibition of infanticide. According to a type of special typology of violence, it becomes clear that such cases of direct violence has been banned by the Quran, in reality it can make the basic necessities of human to well-being, meaning and identity and freedom face challenges. With regarding Quranic evidences, it should be understood what has been prohibited and banned by the existence creator solely is not limited to survival being vitiated and man being deprived of his basic needs. The Quranic evidences which are studied in this paper are: the negation of homicide, the negation of prophets’ killing, the negation of Pharisaic violence and the prohibition of infanticide. According to a type of special typology of harshness, it is cleared that such cases of direct violence which are banned by the Quran, in reality it can make the basic necessities of human to prosperousness (well-being), meaning and identity and freedom face challenges. Regarding Quranic evidences, it should be understood what has been prohibited and banned by Almighty God, it is not merely survival being vitiated and man being deprived of his basic needs. Contrary to the view of mentioned critics, the Quran has considered the other aspects besides the prohibition of direct violence outwardly which are included from the right of survival and human living in apparent face to needs like prosperousness and enjoyment of meaning and identity and also freedom. In addition, it is also considerable that the Quran concern to the prohibition of violence which is looked to relate with creating the negative peace. Key words: Direct violence, Homicide, Killing the prophets, Pharaonic violence, Infanticide, Negative peace.