پديد آورندگان :
قنبران، عبدالحميد نويسنده استاديار دانشكده معماري و شهرسازي، دانشگاه تربيت دبير شهيد رجايي , , عليمرداني، مسعود نويسنده استاديار دانشكده معماري و شهرسازي، دانشگاه تربيت دبير شهيد رجايي , , محمدي، مريم نويسنده استاديار دانشكده معماري و شهرسازي، دانشگاه هنر تهران , , جم، فاطمه نويسنده دانشجوي دكتري معماري، دانشگاه تربيت دبير شهيد رجايي ,
كليدواژه :
cpted , فضاي محله‌اي , جنسيت , امنيت
چكيده فارسي :
بدون شك امروزه يكي از معيارهاي رضايت‌مندي افراد از فضاهاي محله‌اي، داشتن محيطي امن و به دور از جرم محسوب مي‌شود. بررسي‌ها نشان مي‌دهد كه با توجه به تفاوت‌هايي كه ميان مردان و زنان از نظر فيزيك و ابعاد جسمي از يك‌سو و حساسيت و خصوصيات ادراكي از سوي ديگر وجود دارد، ميزان توجه به مسيله امنيت نيز در ميان آنان متفاوت است. لذا اين پژوهش بر پايه رويكرد CPTED، به‌دنبال بررسي و تعيين شاخص‌هاي تامين امنيت از طريق طراحي محيطي با توجه به ترجيحات زنان و مردان است. روش پژوهش حاضر از نوع پيمايشي و همبستگي است. جامعه آماري پژوهش را ساكنان بخش مياني محله صابونپزخانه واقع در منطقه 12 شهر تهران تشكيل مي‌دهند. 200 پرسش‌نامه در خصوص ميزان تاثير هر يك از شاخص‌ها در امنيت محله به شيوه تصادفي در محله تكميل شده است. يافته‌ها نشان مي‌دهد كه زنان نقش تمامي شاخص‌ها شامل نظارت، مديريت و نگهداري، كنترل دسترسي، قلمروگرايي و حمايت از فعاليت را در ادراك احساس ناامني تاييد كردند؛ در حالي كه در ميان مردان دو شاخص نظارت و كنترل دسترسي مورد توجه بوده است. بنابراين لازم است توجه به اين تفاوت در تدوين راهكارهاي اجرايي دقيق‌تر به‌منظور تامين امنيت فضاهاي محله‌اي مد نظر قرار گيرد.
چكيده لاتين :
Undoubtedly, developing secure environment free of offense is considered as one of the criteria for personal satisfaction with local spaces. In the meantime, some of the urban textures, including blind textures, due to lack of attention lose the quality of their environment and provide a context for occurrence of insecurity and crime. Due to the differences between menʹs and womenʹs physical dimensions on the one hand and their perceptual sensitivity characteristics on the other hand, the amount of attention to the security is quite different among them. In other words, the relationship between security, space, gender, urban construction and environmental qualities is meaningful. Cause and effect relationship between crime occurrence and insecurity in local spaces and designing inappropriate environment for them is of particular interest of this study. So this study, which is based on CPTED approach, covers those approaches that emphasize on reducing crime through environmental designing, and priorities of the criteria mentioned in womenʹs subjective sense of security are compared with those of men. The CPTED theory is based on an idea that proper designing and suitable space usage not only bring positive influence on life quality, but also prevents from crime commitment. The CPTED approach will be presented through five main indicators, including territoriality, surveillance, access control, image/space management and activity support. Every indicator of CPTED has some sub-indicators necessary for the designed space to be free from crime. The methodology of this study is of survey and solidarity type of modeling the design of structural relations. Statistical population in this study is residents of central segment of Sabounpazkhaneh Neighborhood located in 12th District, Tehran. Samples were selected using cluster random sampling method to answer 31 questions related to residentsʹ view regarding impact of each index on neighborhoodʹs security. SPSS-20 software program was used for analysis of the data. The validity of study tool was checked formally and structurally and showed that the tool has an appropriate validity. Also, the reliability of this tool was calculated using Cronbachʹs alpha. The results showed that there is a significant difference in impact and prioritization of criteria between men and women. Women approved 5 criteria mentioned in CPTED approach and prioritized surveillance, image/management, access Control, territorial reinforcement and activity support, respectively meanwhile men emphasized on surveillance and access control, respectively. The obtained results showed that all five criteria had an impact on increased sense of mental security for women and surveillance criterion also was among both groupʹs priorities. Finally, research results were used for proposing some solutions, policies and a framework for urban design in those areas. Therefore, the security of the neighborhood must be reviewed and urban design must be carried out using an environmental approach for preventing from the crimes. Accordingly, taking advantage of indicators and sub-indicators in this approach can lead to management of crime and achieving secure space for different groups of society, especially for women, as one of the most vulnerable groups in the neighborhood, and this be considered as a urban design model in future, with the aim of creating a secure place for citizens.
