درآمدي بر فلسفه علم وجودي ملاصدرا

An Introduction into ‘Mulla Sadraʹʹs Philosophy of Science

هدف اين مقاله بررسي امكان ارايه علم‌شناسي صدرايي در راستاي مكاتبي است كه در حوزه فلسفه علم نظريه‌پردازي كرده‌اند. حكمت متعاليه با الهام از آموزه‌هاي قرآن كريم و سخنان معصومين(ع) و به پشتوانه فلسفه مشا و اشراق و همچنين عرفان و كلام اسلامي توانسته است نوآوري‌هايي در حوزه وجودشناسي و انسان‌شناسي و روش‌شناسي ارايه كند كه چنانچه به درستي تبيين شود مي‌تواند منجر به توليد جهان بيني شودكه به‌واسطه آن بتوان نظريه‌هاي علمي موجود را توجيه و تبيين كرد و حتي مبناي ايجاد نظريه‌هاي بزرگ علمي قرار داد. بررسي مفاهيمي از قبيل هرم انتولوژيك صدرايي، ماهيت علم، تاويل به مثابه يك روش، نحوه عبور از ظواهر به بواطن امور، تبيين نسبت انسان و جهان و بازتعريف مفهوم انسان و حقيقت و نسبت آن دو به‌ويژه براساس دو اصل حركت جوهري و اتحاد عالم و معلوم نوعي خاص از علم‌شناسي را نشان داده كه به كلي با منطق تك‌گفتاري دگماتيسم و همچنين شكاكيت ناشي از هرمنوتيك جديد متفاوت است، توجه به اصل تشكيك در وجودشناسي صدرايي و مساوقت علم با وجود و بهره‌مندي از تاويل به مثابه يك "روش" در شناخت لايه‌هاي مختلف يك شي و حذف شكاف بين عالم و معلوم (انسان و جهان)، مجوز فهم‌هاي متعدد و مختلف از حقيقت واحد را به گونه‌اي فراهم مي‌آورد كه برخلاف فلسفه‌هاي علم رايج به شكاكيت و نسبيت مذموم منتهي نمي‌گردد

Many attempts have been made made to evaluate the possibility of presenting the Sadraian thoughts as a basis for theorizing the philosophy of science. The transcendental wisdom through the revealment of teachings by the holy Quran and the words of infallible Imams, may peace be upon them and with the support of the Aristotelian and illuminative philosophers as well as the Islamic gnostics and theology have been able to give some fresh breath to the realm of ontology, anthropology and methodology. If this is explained properly and accurately, a new conception of the world would be introduced through which the available scientific theories can be justified and even become a foundation for greater scientific theories. Evaluating concepts (such as sadraian ontological pyramid, the essence of science, hermeneutic as a method, manner of crossing through the exoteric to reach the esoteric, explaining the relation between human and the world meanwhile redefining the concept of human and the reality and the relation between them) (based on the substantial movement and the unity of knower and known principles) show a specific type of thought that is something completely different from the dogmatic rational of monology and skepticism due to new hermeneutic. Concentrating on the principle of gradation in sadraian ontology and concomitance of science with existence and exploiting hermeneutic as a method in recognizing the different layers of an object and eliminating the gap between knower and known (human and world) would extract the many and different perceptions from the one reality in a manner that unlike that current philosophies, it would not end up in skepticism and blameworthy relativism.